Torsional properties of healed canine diaphyseal defects grafted with a fibrillar collagen and hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate composite

Zardiackas, Lyle D.; Teasdall, Robert D.; Black, R.John; Jones, Gwilm S.; John, Kenneth R.; Dillon, L.D.; Hughes, James L.

doi:10.1002/jab.770050402

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Defect repair did not depend on whether or not bone marrow was adsorbed to the subchondral support (i.e., group 4 versus group 3), a finding that can be explained by the fact that implants in both groups were exposed to marrow from the bleeding subchondral bone of the host. Whereas the polyglycolic acid delivery vehicle can be expected to completely resorb over a period of 2 months in vivo (35), the hydroxyapatite component of the Collagraft was essentially nonresorbable (17). The continued presence of hydroxyapatite may have slowed regeneration of the subchondral bone, implying that composite design can potentially be improved by selecting a subchondral support that is biodegradable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A subchondral support was used to permit fixation of the engineered cartilage by press‐fit. Collagraft, an osteoconductive sponge (17), was selected as the subchondral support, because this biomaterial permitted suturing as well as individual adjustment of each graft such that its surface was flush with the host cartilage. The defect size was 7 mm long × 5 mm wide × 5 mm deep, because this size provided a stringent test system for osteochondral repair in which a large, confined defect in a rabbit knee joint was used in conjunction with a press‐fitted implant.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Tissue‐engineered composites for the repair of large osteochondral defects

Schaefer

Martin

Jundt

et al. 2002

Arthritis & Rheumatism

290

214

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Objective. To test the hypothesis that engineered cartilage can provide a mechanically functional template capable of undergoing orderly remodeling during the repair of large osteochondral defects in adult rabbits, as assessed by quantitative structural and functional methods.Methods. Engineered cartilage generated in vitro from chondrocytes cultured on a biodegradable scaffold was sutured to a subchondral support and the resulting composite press-fitted into a 7-mm long, 5-mm wide, 5-mm deep osteochondral defect in a rabbit knee joint. Defects left empty (group 1) or treated with cell-free composites (group 2) served as controls for defects treated with composites of engineered cartilage and the support, without or with adsorbed bone marrow (groups 3 and 4, respectively).Results. Engineered cartilage withstood physiologic loading and remodeled over 6 months into osteochondral tissue with characteristic architectural features and physiologic Young's moduli. Composites integrated well with host bone in 90% of cases but did not integrate well with host cartilage. Structurally, 6-month repairs in groups 3 and 4 were superior to those in group 2 with respect to histologic score, cartilage thickness, and thickness uniformity, but were inferior to those in unoperated control tissue. At 6 months, Young's moduli in groups 2, 3, and 4 (0.68, 0.80, and 0.79 MPa, respectively) approached that in unoperated control tissue (0.84 MPa), whereas the corresponding modulus in group 1 (0.37 MPa) was significantly lower.Conclusion. Composites of tissue-engineered cartilage and a subchondral support promote the orderly remodeling of large osteochondral defects in adult rabbits.Various techniques for the repair of fullthickness articular cartilage lesions are under investigation, reflecting the well-known problem that damaged adult articular cartilage has limited healing capacity (1,2). Large osteochondral defects are associated with mechanical instability and are accepted indications for surgical intervention to prevent development of degenerative joint disease (3,4). Ideally, a large osteochondral defect should be repaired with a graft that can provide mechanical stability and allow early postoperative function under physiologic loading conditions. These requirements potentially can be met using engineered cartilage (5).In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that engineered cartilage can provide a mechanically functional template capable of undergoing orderly remodeling and permit the repair of large osteochondral defects in adult rabbits, as assessed by quantitative structural and functional methods. Engineered cartilage generated in vitro from chondrocytes cultured on a biodegradable scaffold (6) was sutured to a subchondral support and the resulting composite, with or without adsorbed bone marrow, was press-fit into a surgically created femoropatellar groove defect (Figure 1). Defects that were left empty, defects that were treated with cell-free composites of the scaffold and the support, and native tissues from unopera...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue‐engineered composites for the repair of large osteochondral defects

Schaefer

Martin

Jundt

et al. 2002

Arthritis & Rheumatism

290

214

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“…Several approaches have been utilized to elicit the formation of bone in segmental defects and facilitate the healing process. These approaches have included the implantation of osteoconductive extracellular scaffolds10–12 and the implantation of bone morphogenetic proteins in various matrices 13, 14. Another concept is based upon ex vivo expansion of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) loaded onto a carrier system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal stem cells accelerate bone allograft incorporation in the presence of diabetes mellitus

Breitbart

Meade

Azad

et al. 2010

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Allograft (Allo) incorporation in the presence of a systemic disease like diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming a major issue in the orthopedic community. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent stem cells that may be derived from adult, whole bone marrow and have been shown to induce bone formation in segmental defects when combined with the appropriate carrier/scaffold. The objectives of this study were to analyze the effect of DM upon Allo incorporation in a segmental rat femoral defect and to also investigate MSC augmentation of Allo incorporation. Segmental (5 mm) femoral defects were created in non-DM and DM rats and treated with Allo containing demineralized bone matrix (DBM) or DBM with MSC augmentation. Histological scoring at 4 weeks demonstrated less mature bone in the DM/DBM group compared to its non-DM counterpart (p < 0.001). However, there was significantly more mature bone in the DM/MSC group when compared to the DM/DBM group at both 4 and 8 weeks (p < 0.001 and p ¼ 0.004). Furthermore, significantly more bone formation was observed in the DM/MSC group compared to the DM/DBM group at the 4-week time point (p < 0.001). The results of this study suggest that MSC are a potential adjunct for bone regeneration when implanted in an orthotopic site in the presence of DM. ß

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“…21 Matrixes being investigated include tricalcium phosphate (TCP), 30 hydroxyapatite (HA), 22,37 collagen, 18,42 demineralized bone, 39 poly(lactic-glycolic acid), poly(lactic acid) poly(ethylene glycol) and others. 16,23,31,44 Bone-promoting proteins include the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP's), 11,20,29 transforming growth factor B's (TGF-'s) 1,6,15 platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), 32 growth hormone, 4,13 basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), 3 or combinations thereof. 28 However, demonstration of equality or superiority to the use of autogenous cancellous bone of these complex matrixes has not been firmly established in animal models of segmental bone defects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Bone Marrow and TGF-β1 Augment the Healing of Critical-Sized bone Defects

Beck¹,

Wong²,

Deguzman³

et al. 1998

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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A 1.5 cm segmental defect in the radius of rabbits was used to compare healing at sites administered TGF-beta, with or without autologous bone marrow, to autogenous cortical bone graft. The carrier for TGF-beta consisted of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) granules and hetastarch. The efficacy of TGF-beta formulations and bone marrow (BM) was compared to autogenous bone, carrier control, and untreated defect sites. Bone measurements taken at necropsy included the anterior-posterior (AP) diameter and medial to lateral (LAT) diameter of the defect; the AP and LAT diameters of both radii measured 1 cm proximal to the distal epiphysis, and the AP and LAT diameters of the mid-shaft of the femora. The bones from each group were subdivided for either histological evaluation or for mechanical testing. Strength (maximum torque), energy, angle of rotation and stiffness were determined for both the treated and contralateral radii. Results of the radiographic, necropsy, and mechanical data for defects administered 1.0 microgram of TGF-beta1 + BM or autogenous cortical bone were similar and indicated superior healing compared to defects left blank or administered the carrier control with or without bone marrow. Defects administered 1.0 microgram of TGF-beta1 + BM or autogenous cortical bone had high mechanical strength relative to the control groups and were characterized histologically as healed primarily with lamellar bone. The results from the defects left blank or administered carrier control were similar and generally characterized by poor healing or nonunion. This study demonstrated substantial equality of healing between 1.0 microgram of TGF-beta1 + BM and autograft indicating that this formulation could function as a substitute for autologous grafts.

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Torsional properties of healed canine diaphyseal defects grafted with a fibrillar collagen and hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate composite

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Tissue‐engineered composites for the repair of large osteochondral defects

Tissue‐engineered composites for the repair of large osteochondral defects

Mesenchymal stem cells accelerate bone allograft incorporation in the presence of diabetes mellitus

Combination of Bone Marrow and TGF-β1 Augment the Healing of Critical-Sized bone Defects

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