Total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, and other elements concentrations in Italian rice grain varies with origin and type

Sommella, Alessia; Deacon, Claire; Norton, Gareth J.; Pigna, Massimo; Violante, A.; Meharg, Andrew A.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.045

Cited by 99 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…These results are similar to rice were determined in Europe (Torres-Escribano et al 2008;Sommella et al 2013). Several studies Burló et al 2012) have proved that the levels of t-As and i-As in brown rice are higher than those in white rice.…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

Arsenic speciation in rice-based food for adults with celiac disease

Munera-Picazo

Burló

2014

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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Celiac disease (CD) may affect up to 1% of the Western population. It is a disease whose diagnosis has been made mainly in childhood, but now the profile has changed, with one out of five newly diagnosed individuals being over 65 years old. The only treatment for this population is a gluten-free diet. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyse the occurrence of arsenic (As) in gluten-free products, basically those rice-based, intended for celiac adult consumers. The current study demonstrated that these rice-based products contained important contents of total arsenic (t-As) (up to 120 μg kg(-1)) and inorganic arsenic (i-As) (up to 85.8 μg kg(-1)). It was estimated that the contents of t-As and i-As in rice used as the main ingredient of these foods were as high as 235 and 198 μg kg(-1), respectively. The estimated daily intake of i-As was 0.46 and 0.45 μg kg(-1) bw in women and men of 58 and 75 kg of body weight (bw), respectively. These values indicate that a health risk to these consumers cannot be excluded. Finally, legislation is needed to delimit the safety intake by health agencies and to improve the labelling of these special rice-based foods for celiac adult consumers. The label should include information about percentage, geographical origin and cultivar of the rice used; besides and if companies want to clearly prove the safety of their products, the exact content of i-As should also be included.

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supporting

confidence: 91%

Arsenic speciation in rice-based food for adults with celiac disease

Munera-Picazo

Burló

2014

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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“…Measurements in Italy conducted by Sommella et al (2013) have shown a significant geographical variation for both total and inorganic As, total Se and Ni concentrations for the same type of rice. Part of this variation may be due to air concentrations and subsequent deposition processes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Heavy Metal Modelling Study over Italy: Effects of Grid Resolution, Lateral Boundary Conditions and Foreign Emissions on Air Concentrations

Adani

Mircea

D’Isidoro

et al. 2015

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Heavy metals (HMs) are pollutants that have both anthropogenic and natural sources. In the last decade, the European Commission (EC) has imposed limit and target values for some of them that are toxic both for humans and for the environment. This study aims to assess the HM concentrations over Italy by means of the atmospheric modelling system (AMS) of the MINNI project. The AMS is based on the chemical transport model (CTM) FARM. The sensitivity of model simulations to horizontal grid resolution, lateral boundary conditions and the contribution of emissions from neighbouring countries has been also evaluated. The simulations have been carried out for the year 2005 considering a spatial resolution of 20 km over the Italian domain and 4 km over northern Italy (Po Valley). The CTM has been extended to take into account the HMs considered by EC directives such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb). Both anthropogenic and natural emissions have been considered in this study. Model results have been compared with available observations. Results show realistic concentration of HMs and suggest the importance of using boundary conditions, while foreign emissions have less impact. In addition, the present work highlights the necessity of more observations in space and time for a comprehensive validation of the model. High-resolution simulation gives more realistic pattern with respect to the lowresolution one for the highly polluted areas. However, future improvements require a better knowledge of the space/time distribution of the emissions, currently not available.

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“…37,181,183,190,195,197,200,239,[266][267][268][271][272][273] Other studies combine the use of HNO 3 with the addition of H 2 O 2 to oxidize As(III) to As(V) and quantify the total iAs as As(V). 39,40,138,[155][156][157]162,187,251 Also, a specific extraction method such as selective extraction of iAs with HCl and subsequent extraction with CHCl 3 of the iAs present in the acid medium is applied by several authors. [147][148][149][150][151] Meanwhile, other extraction methods are also used to extract iAs from the rice material, including enzymatic extraction; 193,198 Despite the use of different extraction methods and measurement techniques, the values reported show no clusters related to the analytical approach.…”

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The validated method is applied to the determination of arsenic species in 20 samples of rice and rice products. Sommella et al 187 determine total As and iAs in several Italian rice samples. Extraction is performed with 1% HNO 3 and further addition of H 2 O 2 , while separation is by anion exchange column and quadrupole ICP-MS is used for detection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spiked samples, or sometimes a blank sample, are subjected to the respective sampling procedures and the content measured. 36,39,40,112,137,138,155,157,179,183,187,189,198,200,238,241,243,259 The recoveries obtained are usually compared to CODEX criteria: 60%-115% for 10 mg kg À1 and 80%-110% for 0.1-10 mg kg À1 . 278 Recoveries in these ranges are considered acceptable and demonstrate the reliability of the sample preparation method.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inorganic Arsenic Determination in Food: A Review of Analytical Proposals and Quality Assessment Over the Last Six Years

2016

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Here we review recent developments in analytical proposals for the assessment of inorganic arsenic (iAs) content in food products. Interest in the determination of iAs in products for human consumption such as food commodities, wine, and seaweed among others is fueled by the wide recognition of its toxic effects on humans, even at low concentrations. Currently, the need for robust and reliable analytical methods is recognized by various international safety and health agencies, and by organizations in charge of establishing acceptable tolerance levels of iAs in food. This review summarizes the state of the art of analytical methods while highlighting tools for the assessment of quality assessment of the results, such as the production and evaluation of certified reference materials (CRMs) and the availability of specific proficiency testing (PT) programmes. Because the number of studies dedicated to the subject of this review has increased considerably over recent years, the sources consulted and cited here are limited to those from 2010 to the end of 2015.

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Total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, and other elements concentrations in Italian rice grain varies with origin and type

Cited by 99 publications

References 42 publications

Arsenic speciation in rice-based food for adults with celiac disease

Arsenic speciation in rice-based food for adults with celiac disease

Heavy Metal Modelling Study over Italy: Effects of Grid Resolution, Lateral Boundary Conditions and Foreign Emissions on Air Concentrations

Inorganic Arsenic Determination in Food: A Review of Analytical Proposals and Quality Assessment Over the Last Six Years

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