Total body bone mineral content and density during weight loss and maintenance on a low- or recommended-dairy weight-maintenance diet in obese men and women

Hinton, Pamela S.; Rector, R. Scott; Donnelly, J E; Smith, Bryan; Bailey, Bruce W.

doi:10.1038/ejcn.2009.156

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This prevented us from being able to assess whether the changes that were observed immediately after finishing the weight-loss diet persisted or resolved once the dietary intervention had ceased. Of the studies that did include a follow-up time point, (21,23,25,27,28,30,39,74) decreases in BMD of the total hip, (23,30,74) lumbar spine, (25,28,30) and total body (21,27,28,30,39) were still present when measured at 3 to 21 months after completion of the dietary weight-loss intervention, raising potential concerns about the long-term impact of repeated weight-loss diets on bone. Hence, it would be important that future studies investigate the longitudinal effects of dietary weight-loss interventions on bone, as in two current trials by our research team.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because the majority of studies investigated female populations only. In studies where both males and females were included, (20)(21)(22)24,29,42,44,(71)(72)(73)(74)(75) the two sexes were not always reported independently. (22,29,42,44,74) Additionally, although age was reported in all studies, large age ranges prevented us from being able to assign the outcomes to a younger or older population for comparison.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies included more than one intervention that matched our inclusion criteria (20,22,26,28,29,32,37,42,43,(68)(69)(70) In these instances, data from the different dietary weight-loss interventions were not pooled but were instead treated as independent interventions. For studies that reported both sexes independently, (20)(21)(22)24,29,42,44,(71)(72)(73)(74)(75) data from both sexes were pooled before inclusion in our analysis. This is because the majority of studies did not report males or females separately, or did not include both sexes within their population.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the studies that have investigated changes in bone mass in response to diet-induced weight loss in overweight or obese adults, the results have been highly variable, with increases, (20)(21)(22)(23)(24) decreases, (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40) and no change (22,24,26,30,33,(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49) in bone mass being reported. Thus, attempting to draw sound conclusions from these mixed results is extremely difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does Diet-Induced Weight Loss Lead to Bone Loss in Overweight or Obese Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials

Zibellini

Seimon

Lee

et al. 2015

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

116

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Diet-induced weight loss has been suggested to be harmful to bone health. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (using a random-effects model) to quantify the effect of diet-induced weight loss on bone. We included 41 publications involving overweight or obese but otherwise healthy adults who followed a dietary weight-loss intervention. The primary outcomes examined were changes from baseline in total hip, lumbar spine, and total body bone mineral density (BMD), as assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Secondary outcomes were markers of bone turnover. Diet-induced weight loss was associated with significant decreases of 0.010 to 0.015 g/cm 2 in total hip BMD for interventions of 6, 12, or 24 (but not 3) months' duration (95% confidence intervals [CIs], -0.014 to -0.005, -0.021 to -0.008, and -0.024 to -0.000 g/cm 2 , at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively). There was, however, no statistically significant effect of diet-induced weight loss on lumbar spine or whole-body BMD for interventions of 3 to 24 months' duration, except for a significant decrease in total body BMD (-0.011 g/cm 2 ; 95% CI, -0.018 to -0.003 g/cm 2 ) after 6 months. Although no statistically significant changes occurred in serum concentrations of N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP), interventions of 2 or 3 months in duration (but not of 6, 12, or 24 months' duration) induced significant increases in serum concentrations of osteocalcin (0.26 nmol/L; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.39 nmol/L), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) (4.72 nmol/L; 95% CI, 2.12 to 7.30 nmol/L) or N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX) (3.70 nmol/L; 95% CI, 0.90 to 6.50 nmol/L bone collagen equivalents [BCEs]), indicating an early effect of diet-induced weight loss to promote bone breakdown. These data show that in overweight and obese individuals, a single diet-induced weight-loss intervention induces a small decrease in total hip BMD, but not lumbar spine BMD. This decrease is small in comparison to known metabolic benefits of losing excess weight.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does Diet-Induced Weight Loss Lead to Bone Loss in Overweight or Obese Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials

Zibellini

Seimon

Lee

et al. 2015

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

116

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“…36 There have also been studies that did not see any changes in 25OHD after weight loss. Hinton et al 37 found no changes in 25OHD levels post-12 weeks of weight loss and, interestingly, it decreased significantly following 24 weeks of weight maintenance. The researchers found a significant season by time interaction, indicating that the change in 25OHD levels was dependent on season during enrolment and suggested seasonal variation may have had a greater impact on 25OHD than changes in weight or fat mass.…”

Section: Do 25-hydroxyvitamin D Levels Change With Weight Loss?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Vitamin D on Weight Loss

Thomson¹

2013

US Endocrinology

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Along with the increased prevalence of obesity, the incidence of vitamin D deficiency is rising with 10-60 % of adults having values lower than 20 ng/ml. 1,2 Serum or plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) is the most widely accepted measure of vitamin D status (deficiency <20 ng/ml, insufficiency 20-29 ng/ml, and sufficiency >30 ng/ml). Many studies haveshown it is inversely associated with measures of obesity and that obese participants have lower suboptimal 25OHD levels compared with healthy weight participants. Adipose tissue sequesters the fat-soluble vitamin and this leads to lower levels in obese populations. It is also thought that obese people may spend less time outdoors, or expose less skin to the sun, which may lead to reduced synthesis of vitamin D.There has been increasing interest regarding the relationship between vitamin D, obesity, and weight loss, and this article will examine several aspects of this relationship, specifically looking at the effects of vitamin Table 1), although all were not specifically designed to analyze this. A secondary finding from a randomized controlled trial in men with impaired glucose tolerance designed to investigate glucose and lipid metabolism found a small but significantly greater weight reduction of 1.3 % using low-dose vitamin D compared with the placebo group with no weight loss after 3 months. 9 Interestingly, 25OHD levels significantly increased in both groups, but there was a greater increase in placebo, although not reported as significant (14 % versus 39 %); consequently, it is difficult to conclude if the greater weight reduction was due to the low dose supplementation despite greater increase in placebo, which suggests a possible seasonal impact.Following on from that study, the investigators conducted a longer uncontrolled study at a higher dose in 14 middle aged men with impaired glucose tolerance to investigate the effects on insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance.Again, they found a small 1.1 % reduction in weight after supplementation for 18 months. 10 25OHD levels were only measured after treatment and 6 months later so the study was unable to report if the low-dose supplementation increased 25OHD levels. Six months after supplementation 25OHD levels increased 37 %, 10 suggesting a seasonal effect, which is likely since the study started and finished in the Fall. AbstractThe incidence of vitamin D deficiency is increasing and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels, which are inversely associated with measures of obesity, are lower in overweight and obese populations. There have been several studies that have investigated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on weight loss, and studies combining weight loss interventions with increased vitamin D intake, either through supplementation or foods fortified with vitamin D. 25OHD levels have also been measured before and after weight loss to see if they improve and if the changes in 25OHD levels are related to the degree of weight loss. Some studies have suggested that vitamin D status is associated wit...

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Effects of Incretin Therapy on Skeletal Health in Type 2 Diabetes—A Systematic Review

Viggers,

Rasmussen,

Vestergaard

2023

JBMR Plus

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Diabetes poses a significant risk to bone health, with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) having a more detrimental impact than Type 2 diabetes (T2D). The group of hormones known as incretins, which includes gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1), play a role in regulating bowel function and insulin secretion during feeding. GLP‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) are emerging as the primary treatment choice in T2D, particularly when atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is present. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP‐4is), although less potent than GLP‐1 RAs, can also be used. Additionally, GLP‐1 RAs, either alone or in combination with GIP, may be employed to address overweight and obesity. Since feeding influences bone turnover, a relationship has been established between incretins and bone health. To explore this relationship, we conducted a systematic literature review following the PRISMA guidelines. While some studies on cells and animals have suggested positive effects of incretins on bone cells, turnover, and bone density, human studies have yielded either no or limited and conflicting results regarding their impact on bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk. The effect on fracture risk may vary depending on the choice of comparison drug and the duration of follow‐up, which was often limited in several studies. Nevertheless, GLP‐1 RAs may hold promise for people with T2D who have multiple fracture risk factors and poor metabolic control. Furthermore, a potential new area of interest is the use of GLP‐1 RAs in fracture prevention among overweight and obese people. Based on this systematic review, existing evidence remains insufficient to support a positive or a superior effect on bone health to reduce fracture risk in people with T2D. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

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Total body bone mineral content and density during weight loss and maintenance on a low- or recommended-dairy weight-maintenance diet in obese men and women

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

Does Diet-Induced Weight Loss Lead to Bone Loss in Overweight or Obese Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials

Does Diet-Induced Weight Loss Lead to Bone Loss in Overweight or Obese Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials

The Impact of Vitamin D on Weight Loss

Effects of Incretin Therapy on Skeletal Health in Type 2 Diabetes—A Systematic Review

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