Total Body Potassium and Gross Body Composition in Relation to Age

Allen, Thomas H.; Anderson, E. C.; Langham, W.H.

doi:10.1093/geronj/15.4.348

Cited by 154 publications

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“…Agespecific data of Allen et al for total body K and weight of 341 boys and 284 girls [1] "counted" at the Los Alamos 4-TT liquid scintillation counter, when plotted on our scale, are very close to our mean values. These investigators have not reported height values.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Total Body Potassium in Normal Children

et al. 1972

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Normative data for total body potassium on 462 children (232 boys and 230 girls) are presented. The regression of total body potassium on weight can be described as a straight line for males (grams K = 4.32 +2.12 X weight) and two significantly different lines for females (grams K = -1.50 + 2.32 X weight for weight ^ 30 kg, and grams K = 34.90 + 1.11 X weight for weight > 30 kg), with less potassium per kilogram for females weighing more than 30 kg. No sex-related difference is found between 12 and 30 kg. When the regression of total body potassium on height is examined, it is found that a logarithmic transformation of potassium values results in a similar pattern, with no sex-related differences between 100 and 135 cm and less potassium per centimeter in females over this height. For males, log K in grams = 1.761 + 0.0182 X cm of height; and for females, log Kin grams = 1.595 + 0.01942 X cm for height 1 35 cm, and log K in grams = 2.574 + 0.01215 X cm for height > 135 cm. The logarithmic transformation of K versus height is proposed as a standard because it reflects changes in slope associated with known physiologic and endocrinologic changes occurring with puberty and may be more sensitive than weight in predicting abnormal values in individual patients. SpeculationSince the regression of total body potassium on height appears to be a straight line common to both sexes 100-130 cm tall, with a diverging line indicating progressively less potassium per centimeter for females over 135 cm in height, these data were compared with available data for infants. The total body K values of infants between 50 and 80 cm in length appear to fall on a line with a steeper slope than values of children 100 to 135 cm tall. This observation suggests that, during the 1st year of life, increasing total body potassium per centimeter of length reflects maturation of body composition. Further extension of such observations to low birth weight infants might be expected to give information on their body composition. Introductiongrowth and be sensitive to pathologic changes. A semilogarithmic regression on height appears to meet these Interpretation of the clinical significance of total body criteria for total body potassium. potassium determinations depends upon normative Subjects were 232 boys and 230 girls, ages 3-18 years, data and their relations to other measures of body size.They were from a middle socioeconomic background, Presentation of normative data should be in a form in apparent good health, and were free of known acute that will reflect the physiologic changes of normal or chronic disease. They lived in or near Columbia,

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Total Body Potassium in Normal Children

et al. 1972

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“…Allen, Anderson and Langham, (1960) have reported estimates by age and sex which indicate a sex ratio of unity up to the age of puberty, an increase to a maximum in young adult life and a gradual decline thereafter to reach unity again in elderly persons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sex ratio in gastric cancer and hypothetical considerations relative to aetiology

Gw¹

1968

Br J Cancer

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THE constancy of the sex ratio is a remarkable feature of the epidemiology of gastric cancer. Doll (1956) noted that female death rates in 13 countries ranged from 50-67 per cent of the corresponding rates for males. Haenszel (1958) found that the sex ratios in the 119 economic subregions of the United States for showed no significant departures from the national average. In the 11 areal aggregates of England and Wales mortality of males and females was highly correlated, as was that of males with that of married women by husbands' occupations in the main occupational groups, in the period around the 1951 census (Griffith, 1963). In many different comparisons therefore males and females appear to be subject to common influences so far as gastric cancer is concerned.Data from the Inter American Investigation of Mortality (Puffer and Griffith, 1967) also showed this constancy of the sex ratio. The mean of the ratios of the age-adjusted death rate of males and females in 12 cities was 1 64 and only in one city did the ratio differ significantly from this figure. Closer study revealed, however, that the value of the ratio in the combined material of all 12 cities differed by age over the 60-year age span investigated. Variations in the sex ratio with age had also been noted by Gordon, Crittenden and Haenszel (1961) Kurihara, 1962Kurihara, , 1964Kurihara, , 1966 give deaths by age, sex and site of cancer for 25 population groups in 24 countries for the 6 years 1958-63. The deaths by 5-year age groups from 25 through 84 years of males and of females from cancer of the stomach in each population during the 6 years were aggregated.

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Section: Lean Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The preceding studies are based on the view that the concentration of potassium per kilogram of lean tissue is constant with age, as are the proportions of the various lean tissues (although their total mass may vary). These assumptions have been questioned, so the decline in lean body mass with age is not necessarily proved by these findings alone (Allen et al, 1960;Myhre and Kessler, 1966).However, other methodology also demonstrates a decline of lean tissue with age. Creatinine excretion, a byproduct of muscle metabolism, decreases with age (Norris et al, 1963), and there is a strong correlation between decline in basal metabolic rate with age and creatinine excretion (Tzankoff and Norris, 1976).…”

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Physical anthropological approaches to aging

Borkan

Hults

Mayer

1982

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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The field of gerontology is remarkably diverse; yet there has been relatively little investigation of physical anthropological issues in aging research. This review explores gerontologic topics of actual andlor potential interest to physical anthropologists. The evolution of aging presents a theoretical dilemma in that postreproductively expressed traits may be outside the influence of natural selection. The physiological changes of aging comprise a diversified mosaic of physical deterioration as would be expected from an evolutionary model. Studies of prehistoric aging are limited to estimating lifespan, which may not be indicative of rate of aging. Considerable attention has been devoted to body composition and aging, and notable findings include a loss of lean tissue with age and relatively constant (though redistributing) fat mass. Osteoporosis is a major problem of aging in females, as is tooth loss in both sexes. The study of variation in rates of aging is only beginning, and a number of approaches to measuring biological age in adulthood are presented. Determining the associations of lifestyle, economic, and nutritional status with biological age may reveal sources of variation in rates of aging and may be of practical importance.Gerontology is one of the most interdisciplinary scientific fields. Problems of aging are relevant to all branches of medicine and physiology, as well as to anthropology, sociology, psychology, economics, and others. Examination of the journals of the Gerontological Society of America (Journal of Gerontology and The Gerontologist) reveals numerous perspectives from which gerontology is being approached. The diversity of approaches has both advantages and disadvantages, for there are few unifying themes or methods.Research in gerontology to date, as would be expected in a relatively new discipline, has focused largely on describing normal aging and on differentiating it from disease. Little attention has been given to comparative studies of biological aging between individuals and populations, and through time. It is possible that lifestyle, diet, or genetic characteristics, which retard or accelerate aging, would be revealed by such studies and thus have major public health implications. Physical anthropologists are well equipped for this type of investigation because they have been engaged in longitudinal and cross-sectional developmental research and have focused on interactions between biological and cultural influences in development.This review offers an overview of aging research in topics of relevance to physical anthropologists, whether conducted by physical anthropologists or not. More attention 0096-848W8212501-0181$06.00 0 1982 Alan R. Liss, Inc 182 YEARBOOK OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY [Val. 25, 1982 is devoted to aging in contemporary than in prehistoric human populations; this reflects both the orientation of the authors and the amount of scientific investigation of these topics to date. DEFINING TERMSIt is necessary to define aging. Aging is the sum of ...

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Total Body Potassium and Gross Body Composition in Relation to Age

Cited by 154 publications

References 0 publications

Total Body Potassium in Normal Children

Total Body Potassium in Normal Children

The sex ratio in gastric cancer and hypothetical considerations relative to aetiology

Physical anthropological approaches to aging

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