Total Diet Studies in Sweden: Monitoring Dietary Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants by a Market Basket Approach

Revisiting the Contributions of Far- and Near-Field Routes to Aggregate Human Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

“…Children and adults eat fish, beef, dairy, and vegetables, whereby Sweden-specific consumption rates of different kinds of food are taken from refs ,− and are extrapolated according to ref to account for age dependence. To remain consistent with earlier studies, ,, we do not consider (i) losses or additions of PCBs during food processing and preparation, (ii) consumption of food imported from outside the modeled region, and (iii) temporal changes in diet composition; Ingestion of soil particles (including soil and settled dust) from the urban environment: N soil = D soilH × f S,urban . We adopt the age-dependent soil ingestion rate recommended by the USEPA; Drinking water that originates from rural fresh water: N water = D wH × f FW,rural .…”

“…Children and adults eat fish, beef, dairy, and vegetables, whereby Sweden-specific consumption rates of different kinds of food are taken from refs ,− and are extrapolated according to ref to account for age dependence. To remain consistent with earlier studies, ,, we do not consider (i) losses or additions of PCBs during food processing and preparation, (ii) consumption of food imported from outside the modeled region, and (iii) temporal changes in diet composition;…”

“…Children and adults eat fish, beef, dairy, and vegetables, whereby Sweden-specific consumption rates of different kinds of food are taken from refs 12,34−36 and are extrapolated according to ref 12 to account for age dependence. To remain consistent with earlier studies, 11,37,38 we do not consider (i) losses or additions of PCBs during food processing and preparation, (ii) consumption of food imported from outside the modeled region, and (iii) temporal changes in diet composition; (II) Ingestion of soil particles (including soil and settled dust 39 ) from the urban environment: 39 An age-dependent respiration rate is taken from ref 12. The near-field routes include: (I) Dermal permeation: N dermal = D deH × f A,indoor , which is described as two processes in series (Text S2): 40 (i) diffusion across a stagnant air layer above the skin, quantified with an air-side mass transfer coefficient and a bathing removal efficiency, and (ii) permeation through the skin (specifically the stratum corneum and/or viable epidermis), quantified with a mass transfer coefficient within the skin (also named a dermal permeability coefficient).…”