Total Diet Study nutritional elements, 1982-1989

Pennington, RD Jean A.T.; Young, Barbara E.

doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(21)01083-x

Cited by 115 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…More recent limited measurements indicate an average value <100 µg/L , . Food basket data ]show how precipitously iodine intake in the US has fallen, across all age groups (Figure S1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine Nutrition: Iodine Content of Iodized Salt in the United States

Dasgupta,

Liu,

Dyke

2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

112

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Adequacy of iodine nutrition in the United States has lately been of concern. A major source of dietary iodine for the U.S. population is iodized salt. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) recommends 60-100 mg KI/kg salt, equivalent to 46-76 mg I/kg salt. All U.S. iodized salt contains 45 mg I/kg according to labels. We collected samples of table salt from freshly opened containers from U.S. volunteers. A sample was sent to us when the can was first purchased. Subsets of volunteers sent further samples when the salt container became halfempty through normal use and a further final sample when the container was nearly finished. We also looked at iodine distribution homogeneity within individual containers, loss of iodine from salt upon exposure to humidity and sunlight, and upon short-term heating (dry and in solution) as may be encountered in cooking. Measurements were made in 0.01% w/v salt solutions by induction coupled plasma-mass spectrometry with 72 Ge as an internal standard. The median and mean ((sd) I content in freshly opened top-of-the-can salt samples was 44.1 and 47.5 ( 18.5 mg/kg (n ) 88, range 12.7-129 mg I/kg) and geometric mean and standard deviation of 44.70 and 1.41. Fortyseven of 88 samples fell below the USFDA recommended I content while 6 exceeded it. The homogeneity in a single can of salt varied greatly: in 5 samples taken from the same container from different depths, the iodine content varied by as little as 1.2× (8.3% coefficient of variance (CV)) to as much as 3.3× (49.3% CV) from one container/brand to another. Iodine is significantly lost upon high humidity storage but light or dry heat has little effect. There is much recent literature on iodine sufficiency and uptake inhibitors; there is also much misinformation and disinformation. We review the relevant literature and discuss our results with reference to the United States.

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“…More recent limited measurements indicate an average value <100 µg/L , . Food basket data ]show how precipitously iodine intake in the US has fallen, across all age groups (Figure S1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine Nutrition: Iodine Content of Iodized Salt in the United States

Dasgupta,

Liu,

Dyke

2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

112

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“…A comparison of major and minor essential element concentrations with those from elephant garlic cultivated in other countries such as Spain [31] and India [32,33] showed that A. ampeloprasum from the Valdichiana area is rich in important elements such as P, K, Mg, Fe, and Zn (Table 2), which are fundamental for dietary intake [34].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Mineral and Nutraceutical Profiles of Elephant Garlic (Allium ampeloprasum L.) Grown in Organic and Conventional Fields of Valdichiana, a Traditional Cultivation Area of Tuscany, Italy

Fedeli

Canali

Guarnieri

et al. 2021

Biology

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In the Valdichiana area (Tuscany, Italy) an ancient native landrace of elephant garlic (Allium ampeloprasum L.), locally known as “Aglione della Valdichiana”, has long been cultivated. The aim of this study was to check whether there are differences in the mineral and nutraceutical profiles of the Aglione della Valdichiana cultivated conventionally and organically. Based on the analysis by ICP-MS of a wide array of major, minor, essential, and non-essential trace elements as well as rare earth elements, and the evaluation of the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, antioxidants, soluble proteins, soluble sugars, and starch, as well as the weight and water content, it was concluded that differences in the mineral and nutraceutical profiles of organically and conventionally grown bulbs were very limited. Only a statistically (p < 0.05) higher concentration of Cd (+2620%), Co (+113%), Mn (+55%), Rb (+180%), and Sb (+180%), as well as glucose (+37%) in conventionally cultivated bulbs emerged. Cadmium was the only element slightly higher than in the “reference plant,” but with a negligible risk (three orders of magnitude lower) for human health based on consumption. It is concluded that we failed to find evidence of healthier food or a higher nutraceutical quality for organically cultivated elephant garlic.

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“…Further, many inhabitants may drink more than 2 L a day, and thus have an even higher Mn intake. In addition, the largely rice-based diet in the area may contribute significantly to the daily Mn exposure, as rice contains relatively high amounts of Mn (15). For example, in a food study carried out by the Swedish National Food Administration, parboiled rice was found to hold almost 4 mg Mn per 100 g, brown rice contained 2.4 mg/100 g, and polished rice contained 0.9 mg/100 g, while potatoes held 0.2 mg/100 g and meat and fish rarely exceeded 0.01 and 0.1 mg Mn/100 g edible part, respectively (58).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Mn concentration in food varies with both food item and location. The adequate daily intake (ADI) level for Mn is 1.8−2.6 mg for adults , generally supplied by normal dietary intake with grains, beverages (especially tea), and vegetables providing approximately 33%, 20%, and 18%, respectively, in adult males . Since many Asian diets are primarily vegetarian with rice constituting the staple food , Mn intake is likely higher than for populations with a more meat-based diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal and Early Life Exposure to Manganese in Rural Bangladesh

Ljung

Kippler

Goessler

et al. 2009

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Manganese exposure and biomarker concentrations during early pregnancy and lactation were investigated in 408 women living in an area with elevated concentrations of both arsenic and manganese in drinking water derived from wells. About 40% of the water samples had manganese concentrations above the World Health Organization's guideline value and showed a strong inverse correlation with arsenic concentrations. Water manganese was found to correlate to urine concentrations, but not to blood or breast milk concentrations. No correlations were found among manganese concentrations in urine, blood, or breast milk. Compared to other populations, manganese concentrations in both urine and blood, but not breast milk, were elevated in the Bangladeshi women and more similar to those of occupationally exposed groups. The lack of associations with water manganese is likely due to variable exposure via water and food, and differences in bioavailability, as well as a complex and/or strict regulation of intestinal manganese absorption, in turn being influenced by nutritional as well as physiological and genetic factors. The results indicate that elevated maternal manganese exposure does not necessarily lead to exposure of breast-fed infants, stressing the importance of breast feeding in high manganese areas. However, the implications of fetal exposurefrom elevated maternal exposure need further investigation.

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Total Diet Study nutritional elements, 1982-1989

Cited by 115 publications

References 5 publications

Iodine Nutrition: Iodine Content of Iodized Salt in the United States

Iodine Nutrition: Iodine Content of Iodized Salt in the United States

Comparison of the Mineral and Nutraceutical Profiles of Elephant Garlic (Allium ampeloprasum L.) Grown in Organic and Conventional Fields of Valdichiana, a Traditional Cultivation Area of Tuscany, Italy

Maternal and Early Life Exposure to Manganese in Rural Bangladesh

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