Total diet study on pesticide residues in France: Levels in food as consumed and chronic dietary risk to consumers

Upadhyay

Arabian Journal of Chemistry

et al. 2015

Acephate and its metabolite methamidophos are common organophosphorus insecticide used for crop protection. High uses of acephate and methamidophos have induced health issues and environmental pollution. Their undesired presence in the environment is creating ecotoxicology and may harm human health. It is therefore essential to detect the presence of acephate and methamidophos even in trace level. In this review, we have tried to accommodate successful methods of detection of acephate and methamidophos in the different biological media. Their recovery and residue analysis in different media such as vegetables, human and animal tissues have also included. The most common method for their determination is based on chromatographic separation and identification. Among different chromatographic methods, LC and GC coupled with different detectors have used. But, they both need extensive pretreatment and cleanup procedure, before undergoing chromatographic separation and identification. LC coupled with mass spectrometry (LCMS) is sometime able to detect acephate and methamidophos in ppm level. ª 2015 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Section: Mode Of Action and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 96%

A review on sample preparation and chromatographic determination of acephate and methamidophos in different samples

Upadhyay

Arabian Journal of Chemistry

et al. 2015

Environ Health Prev Med

“…The scientific community has expressed a great concern for consumer health about the possible adverse effects that the residues of these pesticides in water, vegetables, and fruits may have. The possible chronic effects of these pesticides are suspected to be linked with a wide spectrum of medical problems such as cancer, neurotoxic effects, reproductive health concerns, and endocrine disruption [50,55]. Toxicity of pesticides is dependent upon the amount of pesticide intake from foods and exposure duration, toxic potency of pesticide, and individual susceptibility due to variability of pesticide-metabolizing enzymes [50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food safety in Thailand 1: it is safe to eat watermelon and durian in Thailand

Wanwimolruk

Kanchanamayoon

Boonpangrak

et al. 2015

Objectives The wide use of pesticides raises serious concerns regarding food safety and environmental impacts. There is increasing public concern about the potential health risks linked with exposure to pesticides. Regulation of maximum residue limits (MRL) of pesticide residues in food commodities has been established in many developed countries. For developing countries, like Thailand, this regulation often exists in law, but is not completely enforced in practice. Thus, pesticide residue levels in vegetables and fruits have not been thoroughly monitored. The present study aimed to examine potential health risks associated with pesticide exposure by determining the pesticide residues in two commonly consumed fruits, watermelon and durian. Methods The fruit samples were purchased from markets in central provinces of Thailand and assayed for the content of 28 pesticides. Analysis of pesticides was performed by multiresidue extraction and followed by GC-MS/MS detection. Results Of 28 pesticides investigated, 5 were detected in 90.7 % of the watermelon samples (n = 75) and 3 in 90 % of durian samples (n = 30). Carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate and metalaxyl were found in watermelons, whereas dichlorvos, dimethoate and metalaxyl were detected in durians. However, their levels were much lower than the recommended MRL values. Conclusions These pesticide levels detected in the fruits are unlikely to harm the consumers; therefore it is safe to eat watermelon and durian in Thailand. While our results found negligible risk associated with pesticide exposure from consuming these common tropical fruits, special precautions should be considered to decrease total exposure to these harmful pesticides from various foods.

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

“…The European Union (EU) also has a rigorous system in place for monitoring pesticides, and each year the European Food Safety Authority assesses pesticide residues at pre and post-harvest regulation levels [11]. Existence of monitoring programs like those in the US and EU are not the norm in many other countries, particularly developing countries.…”

Section: Monitoring Of Pesticides In Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Allowable residue limits for a given pesticide vary between food products and the country where they are used [11][12][13]. Different countries have different standards to which their pesticide residues are held, and have different methods for monitoring their presence.…”

Section: Monitoring Of Pesticides In Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on their method of action, certain pesticides, such as those determined to be xenoestrogens (organochlorines, organophosphates, and carbamates), will have increased effects based on the developmental stage of individuals when exposure occurs [10]. The effects of pesticides in general are felt more readily by certain populations, and for the general population dietary intake is considered to be a major route of exposure [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A review of pesticide residue levels and their related health exposure risks

Fothergill

Abdelghani

2013

Pesticides are used very regularly in agriculture and contribute to significantly higher crop yields. Applied prior or during the growing process and post-harvest, pesticide residues left on consumable food products might pose a potential health risk. One class of pesticides, fumigants, can be applied directly to food products post-harvest.Changes in types and amounts of pesticides used both agriculturally and post-harvest result in the need for residue analysis and health risk characterization. A number of studies have examined pesticide residues in certain food groups. Monitoring programs and/or studies in the United States, Poland, China, and others have found levels of pesticides to pose no serious health risk. A study in Croatia however, has found potentially hazardous levels of pesticides, particularly with regard to special populations. Most studies focus on individual pesticides and associated health effects, with few studies encompassing entire dietary intake of pesticide residuals. This literature review provides a summary of recent pesticide residue studies and health implications.