Total number and ratio of GABAergic neuron types in the mouse lateral and basal amygdala

Vereczki, Viktória; Müller, Kinga; Krizsán, Éva; Máté, Zoltán; Fekete, Zsuzsanna; Rovira-Esteban, Laura; Veres, Judit M.; Erdélyi, Ferenc; Hájos, Norbert

doi:10.1101/2021.03.15.435365

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…For a network with a 200-neuron recurrent layer, the peak classification accuracy of 96.5±0.5% was achieved with edge inhibitory percentages of 10-30%, as can be seen in Figure 4. This matches biological observations of inhibition quite nicely(46, 60–62). Interestingly, with 50% of the edges being inhibitory, the network neither becomes quiescent nor loses the embedding of the stimulus over time.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Figure 4. This matches biological observations of inhibition quite nicely (46,(60)(61)(62). Interestingly, with 50% of the edges being inhibitory, the network neither becomes quiescent nor loses the embedding of the stimulus over time.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The importance of the right amount of inhibition was also echoed in our simulations. While experimental observations have highlighted key inhibitory percentages that are often observed in the brain (46,(60)(61)(62), our network allowed us to take that to its extreme as well. We noticed the best classification accuracy with inhibition percentages between 10-30%, which aligns with what is seen experimentally.…”

Section: A Parsimony Between Our Results and The Neurobiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Computational Model for Storing Memories in the Synaptic Structures of the Brain

George

Morar

Silva

2022

Preprint

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Spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) is widely accepted as a mechanism through which the brain can learn information from different stimuli(1, 2). Basing synaptic changes on the timing between presynaptic and postsynaptic spikes enhances contributing edges within a network(3, 4). While STDP rules control the evolution of networks, most research focuses on spiking rates or specific activation paths when evaluating learned information(5–7). However, since STDP augments structural weights, synapses may also contain embedded information. While imaging studies demonstrate physical changes to synapses due to STDP, these changes have not been interrogated based on their embedding capacity of a stimulus(8–12). Here, we show that networks with biological features and STDP rules can embed information on their stimulus into their synaptic weights. We use a k-nearest neighbor algorithm on the synaptic weights of thousands of independent networks to identify their stimulus with high accuracy based on local neighborhoods, demonstrating that the network structure can store stimulus information. While spike rates and timings remain useful, structural embed-dings represent a new way to integrate information within a biological network. Our results demonstrate that there may be value in observing these changes directly. Beyond computational applications for monitoring these structural changes, this analysis may also inform investigation into neuroscience. Research is underway on the potential of astrocytes to integrate synapses in the brain and communicate that information elsewhere(13–15). In addition, observations of these synaptic embeddings may lead to novel therapies for memory disorders that are difficult to explain with current paradigms, such as transient epileptic amnesia.Significance StatementLearning in the brain is often achieved via spike-timing dependent plasticity changing the structure of synapses to augment the strength between neurons. Typically, these changes contribute to other behaviors in the network, such as spiking rates or spike timings. However, observing these changes themselves may be fruitful for interrogating the learning capability of networks in the brain. Using a computational model, we demonstrate that the synaptic weights contain an embedding of the stimulus after a certain amount of recurrent activity occurs. It is possible that networks in the brain embed information in a similar way and that external readers, such as astrocytes, can interrogate, integrate, and transport this synaptic weight information to process stimuli.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: A Parsimony Between Our Results and The Neurobiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Computational Model for Storing Memories in the Synaptic Structures of the Brain

George

Morar

Silva

2022

Preprint

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“…5A and 6) and VAChT (Figs. 5B and 7) were quite similar in ERβ −/− and ERβ +/+ mice, and they did not differ from the observations reported in the adult mouse and rat brain 69,[73][74][75][76] . For example, the immunoreactivity of both AChE (Fig.…”

Section: Cholinergic Markers In the Amygdala Of Erβ Knock-out Micesupporting

confidence: 72%

Dopaminergic and cholinergic modulation of the amygdala is altered in female mice with oestrogen receptor β deprivation

Kalinowski

Bogus‐Nowakowska

Kozłowska

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The amygdala is modulated by dopaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmission, and this modulation is altered in mood disorders. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the presence/absence of quantitative alterations in the expression of main dopaminergic and cholinergic markers in the amygdala of mice with oestrogen receptor β (ERβ) knock-out which exhibit increased anxiety, using immunohistochemistry and quantitative methods. Such alterations could either contribute to increased anxiety or be a compensatory mechanism for reducing anxiety. The results show that among dopaminergic markers, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter (DAT) and dopamine D2-like receptor (DA2) is significantly elevated in the amygdala of mice with ERβ deprivation when compared to matched controls, whereas the content of dopamine D1-like receptor (DA1) is not altered by ERβ knock-out. In the case of cholinergic markers, muscarinic acetylcholine type 1 receptor (AChRM1) and alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChRα7) display overexpression while the content of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) remains unchanged. In conclusion, in the amygdala of ERβ knock-out female the dopaminergic and cholinergic signalling is altered, however, to determine the exact role of ERβ in the anxiety-related behaviour further studies are required.

show abstract

Total number and ratio of GABAergic neuron types in the mouse lateral and basal amygdala

Cited by 2 publications

References 80 publications

A Computational Model for Storing Memories in the Synaptic Structures of the Brain

A Computational Model for Storing Memories in the Synaptic Structures of the Brain

Dopaminergic and cholinergic modulation of the amygdala is altered in female mice with oestrogen receptor β deprivation

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