Total ozone column measurements for an urban, tropical site in the Southern Hemisphere with a Microtops II

Silva, A.A.; Tomaz, Luciano M.

doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2011.12.014

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Data from MII were obtained around noon from August 2009 (Aug09) to July 2010 (Jul10), and the daily value of TOC was an average from 10 measurements made within a few minutes. The average difference between OMI and MII data is ≤ 2% (38).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Daily Maximum Erythemal Dose Rates in the Tropics

Silva¹,

Yamamoto

Correa

2018

Photochem & Photobiology

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The maximum erythemal dose rate (EDRmax) at the Earth's surface tends to occur at local noon. However, clouds can make the timing of EDRmax significantly away from local noon. In fact, EDRmax and its time of occurrence depend mainly on the solar zenith angle at noon (SZAn), site's altitude, the total ozone column (TOC), cloud cover, cloud genera and aerosols. This work depicts the daily incidence of EDRmax for Belo Horizonte (19.92°S, 43.94°W, 858 m a.s.l.) in the Southern Hemisphere tropics for a period of five years (2005–2010). Daily values of EDRmax ranged from 0.063 W m−2 (1σ > 6.9%, Moderate UV‐Index of 3, winter) to 0.486 W m−2 (Extreme UVI of 19, summer). Indicative values of EDRmax for cloudless days were 0.336 W m−2 (summer, TOC = 258 Dobson Units), 0.311 W m−2 (fall, 260 DU), 0.253 W m−2 (spring, 274 DU) and 0.143 W m−2 (winter, 246 DU). Radiation enhancement events by clouds made EDRmax up to 45% higher than the reference EDRmax for cloudless summer skies at a time resolution of a few minutes. The main cloud genera to be associated with such events are Cumulus, Altocumulus, Altostratus and Stratocumulus. The EDR can also be significantly affected by aerosols, which attenuated on average 0.031 W m−2 (22%) of the erythemal UV in a case study at the site.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Daily Maximum Erythemal Dose Rates in the Tropics

Silva¹,

Yamamoto

Correa

2018

Photochem & Photobiology

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“…They are not only evidence of the interference of clouds in the measurements but also proof of the complexity of the matter. A link between TOC measurements of uncertainties ≤1% (good quality) and cloudless scenarios was also found by Silva and Tomaz [] using a handheld ozone monitor Microtops II (MII, Solar Light Co., Inc., Glenside, U.S.). It seems that the presence of clouds can introduce variations in the amount of UVB radiation admitted into the instrument's foreoptics.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ground‐based total ozone column measurements and their diurnal variability

Silva¹

2013

JGR Atmospheres

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[1] Three Brewer spectrophotometers were set up in three tropical sites of South America (in the Bolivian Altiplano and seashore and biomass burning areas of Brazil) to measure the total ozone column (TOC). Only TOC measurements with uncertainties ≤1% (1σ) were considered. Typically, the standard deviation for the diurnal sets of measurements was predominantly ≤1% for two of these sites. The average variability in TOC ranged from 6.3 Dobson units (DU) to 16.8 DU, and the largest variability reached 54.3 DU. Comparisons between ground-based and satellite (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS)) data showed good agreement with coefficients of determination ≤0.83. However, the quality of the ground-based measurements was affected by the weather condition, especially for one of the sites. Visual observation of the sky from the ground during the measurements with one of the Brewers added to the satellite data of reflectivity and aerosol index supports that statement.Citation: Silva, A. A. (2013), Ground-based total ozone column measurements and their diurnal variability, J. Geophys.

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“…In fact, the Low UVI scenario of early morning (or late afternoon) is not only inefficient in terms of VD synthesis due to the low incidence of UVB, but it is also somehow deleterious in terms of harm from the UVA. In spite of not being exactly a novelty since it has already been proposed by authors referring to middle and high latitude conditions (6,9,(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)57,58), the conscious-selective exposure concept can represent an option for people living in the low latitudes with plenty offer of solar radiation all year round. However, it also raises a considerable level of controversy owing to the risk of misunderstanding by the public in relation to its correct meaning and application, in addition to requiring caution from those whose skin tends to darker colors like large part of the Brazilians.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Photoprotection Attitudes in the Tropics: Sunburn vs Vitamin D

Silva¹

2014

Photochem & Photobiology

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The ultraviolet radiation of type B (the UVB) stimulates both the production of vitamin D (VD) and the incorporation of erythema dose (ED). The UVA also contributes to ED. The turning point between the benefit of producing VD and the harm of incorporating ED cannot be determined easily. However, the casual behavior regarding the exposure to the Sun can be changed in order to improve the protoprotection attitudes and create a trend towards benefit. In the case, people living in the low latitudes should exposure themselves to the Sun for a determined time interval within the noon time and avoid the Sun in other periods. This would produce an adequate amount of VD through the VD dose (207-214 J m(-2)) against minimum ED (≈105 J m(-2)) for skin type II. For it, unprotected forearms and hands must be exposed to the noon Sun (cloudless) for 11 min (winter) and 5 min (summer). The exposure at other times different from noon can represent increases of up to 24% in ED and up to 12 times in the time interval to be in the Sun in relation to the minimum amounts of both ED and time interval at noon.

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Total ozone column measurements for an urban, tropical site in the Southern Hemisphere with a Microtops II

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Daily Maximum Erythemal Dose Rates in the Tropics

Daily Maximum Erythemal Dose Rates in the Tropics

Ground‐based total ozone column measurements and their diurnal variability

Improving Photoprotection Attitudes in the Tropics: Sunburn vs Vitamin D

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