“…In addition to the significant improvement in the experimental group schools between the beginning and end of the three-year treatment compared with the control group schools, the analysis of the two groups' performance across the three years also showed continuous progress of the experimental group schools over that of the control group schools. In general, the findings of this study appear to be congruent with the current literature on school effectiveness (Brunings, 2014;Cowell & Evans, 2013;Creemers & Kyriakides, 2010;Creemers, Kyriakides, & Antoniou, 2012;Cruddas, 2007;Ismail, 2014;Osman & Al Mekhlafi, 2018;Tengku Ariffin, Awang-Hashim, & Yahya, 2010). Research on school improvement models show that contextualized systemic approaches to educational reform produce positive changes in the school operational processes, which in turn, result in significant increases in school effectiveness.…”