Total reflection X-ray fluorescence trace mercury determination by trapping complexation: Application in advanced oxidation technologies

Multivariate Analysis in Advanced Oxidation Process

“…In the interface area between the solution and the electrically excited solid, a degradation reaction or transformation of pollutants may occur, without changing the chemical structure of the semiconductor (Custo et al, 2006).…”

Ultrasensitive detection of mercury (II) ions using electrochemical surface plasmon resonance with magnetohydrodynamic convection

“…Conventional methods for detecting mercury (II) ions, such as molecular, atomic, or fluorescence spectrometry [7,8], chromatography [9], enzyme-based biosensors [10], fiber optic probes and optical sensors [11,12], pool optode [13], stripping electrochemistry [14][15][16], and stripping electrochemistry coupled with piezoelectric sensor technology [17], are not highly appropriate due to a large sample volume and a long process of sample pretreatment required [18,19] or poor reproducibility [20], among other drawbacks. Thus, it is important to explore alternative techniques that are more accurate and less bulky and time-consuming.…”

“…Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) [21][22][23][24][25] is a sensitive and powerful optical technique for measuring thickness and structure of ultrathin adsorbate layers and for quantifying the adsorbed concentration of metal films [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Combination of the SPR technique and the electrochemical method has been suggested [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], and realized for highly sensitive heavy-metal detection, including mercury [42,43].…”

Stripping analysis of mercury(II) ionic solutions under magneto-hydrodynamic convection

“…Previously developed most common techniques for the detection of mercury(II) ions in natural samples include molecular, atomic, or fluorescence spectrometry [7,8], chromatography [9], enzymebased biosensors [10], fiber optic probes and optical sensors [11,12], pool optode [13], stripping electrochemistry [14][15][16], and stripping electrochemistry coupled with piezoelectric sensor technology [17]. The spectrometric techniques require a long procedure of sample pretreatment, expensive instrument, and skilled technicians.…”

“…The enzyme-based technique requires the immobilization of enzymes such as xanthine oxidase, peroxidase, and urease using complex designs either in terms of their reaction schemes or their immobilization of enzymes and transduction procedures which often cause loss in enzyme activities and give poor reproducibility [18]. The fiber optic probe technique provides high sensitivity and selectivity, but its applications are limited due to the interferences from electroactive species, ions, and turbidity of the samples [8]. Compared to other existing techniques, the anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) technique offers advantages including the ability to determine several analytes simultaneously, the determination of very low concentrations, and performance of on-line monitoring/in situ measurement, and the instrument is relatively inexpensive.…”