Total Sulfur in Hydrocarbons by Monochromatic X-Ray Absorption

A Simplified Routine Method for X-Ray Absorption Edge Spectrometric Analysis.

“…The x-ray measurements are made on a standard flat-crystal x-ray fluorescence spectrometer (7,15,18), rather than a diffractometer, and are made at only one wavelength on each side of the edge. The bracketing wavelengths are derived from secondary targets external to the x-ray tube (5,8,9,15,18).…”

“…Thus simplified equations may be written for liquids and solids, respectively, as follows. Accessory for x-ray absorption edge spectrometry in place on x-ray spectrometer 3-cm. liquid sample cell and aperture C = KlA; Kl = 2303/0 -kp')L (7) LC = KSA; Ks -2303/0 -V) (8) In Equations 7 and 8, A is the bracketed term on the right side of Equation 6.…”

“…A conductometric method using ammonia as solvent was successfully employed in the titration of thiolignins (7).…”

Air Pollution

“…Flame photometry of excess barium or strontium after reaction with sulfate has been attempted (52). A chromatographic spot test depending on darkening of paper by sulfuric acid had a detection limit of Two polarographic methods (105,106) and an x-ray absorption technique (109) for elemental sulfur in petroleum and fractions have been noted. Analysis for odoriferous sulfur compounds has been approached by gas chromatography (355,394)• Mercaptans have been identified with 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfenyl chloride (37).…”

X-Ray Determination of Sulfur in Oils. Comparison of X-Ray Emission and Absorption Methods

“…X-ray methods for the determination of total sulfur have been described by numerous authors. Birks (1) described an evacuated x-ray emission spectrograph, while Eccleston and Whisman (3) employed absorption techniques using the secondary radiation from a palladium specimen as the primary source of monochromatic radiation. Hughes and Wilczewski (4) first described the use of a X-capture radioisotope as a source for the x-ray absorption determination of sulfur in hydrocarbons.…”