Total vs. Bioavailable: Determining a Better 25(OH)D Index in Association with Bone Density and Muscle Mass in Postmenopausal Women

Abidin, Nurdiana Zainol; Mitra, Soma

doi:10.3390/metabo11010023

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Most of routinely used vitamin D assays do not distinguish between the DBP-bound 25(OH)D, albumin-bound 25(OH)D and free biologically active vitamin D. Free 25(OH)D can be calculated or analyzed directly [6]. Free 25(OH)D includes only unbound 25(OH)D, whereas bioavailable 25(OH)D comprises free 25(OH)D and albumin-bound 25(OH)D [19]. Liver disease, kidney disease, and conditions such as pregnancy, genetic polymorphisms, and menopause affect DBP or albumin synthesis [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Vitamin D Status in Slovenian Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women, Using Total, Free, and Bioavailable 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)

et al. 2022

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The objective of our study was to evaluate vitamin D status and its predictors in Slovenian premenopausal and postmenopausal women. A cross-sectional study was carried out between 1 March 2021 and 31 May 2021. A total of 319 healthy women from the Central Slovenian region aged between 44 and 65 were recruited; 176 were included in the final analysis. The vitamin D status was determined by measuring the total 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) concentration, vitamin D binding protein (DBP), and albumin and calculating the bioavailable 25(OH)D and free 25(OH)D. For the calculation of bioavailable and free 25(OH)D, we developed a new online calculator. The Endocrine Society’s thresholds for vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were used; 29.0% of premenopausal and 24.4% of postmenopausal subjects were found to be vitamin D deficient (total 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L); 76.8% of the premenopausal and 61.7% of postmenopausal subjects were found to have insufficient levels (total 25(OH)D < 75 nmol/L). Premenopausal women had 11.8% lower total 25(OH)D, 32.2% lower bioavailable 25(OH)D, and 25.2% higher DBP than postmenopausal women. The most important predictors of vitamin D status were vitamin D supplementation and time spent in the sun. Contrary to similar studies, the vitamin D status in Slovenian postmenopausal women was significantly better than in premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, the measurement of free or bioavailable 25(OH)D instead of the total 25(OH)D could be advantageous.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Vitamin D Status in Slovenian Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women, Using Total, Free, and Bioavailable 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)

et al. 2022

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“…The total MRS score was calculated by summation of all subscales yielding a score range from 0 to 44. Then, the severity of symptoms was classified as none/little (0-4), mild (5-8), moderate (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16), and severe/very severe (17 or more). The scale had good reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.880) in our target population.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the factors that have recently been a matter of concern is the 1 2 perceived social support among females. Research highlights that women need social support to cope and adapt to the menopausal symptoms in this stressful period of their life, and this may help control their symptoms [11,12]. The severity of symptoms may have a negative impact on daily activity and quality of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Menopausal Symptoms and Social Support Among Saudi Women at Primary Health Care Centers in Taif, Saudi Arabia

Aloufi¹,

Hassanien²

2022

Cureus

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BackgroundMenopause is a challenging period for all women. The severity of menopausal symptoms hurts their quality of life and daily activity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the severity of menopausal symptoms are associated with social support and lifestyle factors among Saudi women to help policymakers develop the appropriate intervention health program. MethodsA cross-sectional study of 361 middle-aged Saudi women was conducted through interviews using a valid and reliable questionnaire. The menopause rating scale (MRS) was used to determine the severity of menopausal symptoms and the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) was used to assess perceived social support among females. Linear regression was conducted to assess the association between MRS scores and MSPSS scores after adjustment of covariates. ResultsThe mean total menopause rating scale was 13.7 ± 8.3. Physical and mental exhaustion (80.3%), joint and muscular discomfort (79.2%), and irritability (75.9%) were the most prevalent menopausal symptoms for all women. The mean MSPSS was calculated as 4.3 ±1.8. Perceived social support and lifestyle factors were significant predictors of menopausal symptoms. ConclusionsPostmenopausal Saudi women complain of a variety of physical and psychological symptoms. The current study shows that social support, quitting smoking, losing weight, and increasing physical exercise can help to alleviate or reduce many of the unpleasant symptoms of menopause. This evidence will help policymakers design health intervention for this age group.

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“…Recently, it has been suggested that the estimates of free and bioavailable VitD may have better correlation with BMD [18,38]. A study in postmenopausal women showed an association between free and bioavailable VitD with hip and total body BMD only in women not taking calcium or VitD supplements [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of GC Variants with Bone Mineral Density and Serum VDBP Concentrations in Mexican Population

Rivera‐Paredez

Hidalgo‐Bravo

León-Reyes

et al. 2021

Genes

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Vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) is encoded by the GC gene and is an active participant in the control of bone metabolism. However, the effect of its major variants on VDBP concentration and bone mineral density (BMD) remains unclear. Our aim was to analyze the effect of major GC variants on serum VDBP concentration and BMD. We recruited individuals from the Health Workers Cohort Study, which includes employees of the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS). A total of 1853 adults were included. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs7041 and rs4588 were genotyped to identify the three best characterized haplotypes of GC. Serum VBDP, 25(OH)D and BMD were also measured. Among women, the G allele of rs7041 was associated with higher VDBP and BMD compared to homozygous TT. The A allele of rs4588 was associated with lower VDBP and BMD compared to CC homozygous. In men, GC variants were only associated with VDBP levels. We did not observe an association between free/bioavailable 25(OH)D and BMD in men and women. Our results support an association of VDBP in bone health. The G and C alleles, from rs7041 and rs4588, respectively, are associated with high concentrations of VDBP and BMD in this sample of Mexican postmenopausal women.

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Total vs. Bioavailable: Determining a Better 25(OH)D Index in Association with Bone Density and Muscle Mass in Postmenopausal Women

Cited by 6 publications

References 72 publications

Assessment of Vitamin D Status in Slovenian Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women, Using Total, Free, and Bioavailable 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)

Assessment of Vitamin D Status in Slovenian Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women, Using Total, Free, and Bioavailable 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)

The Association of Menopausal Symptoms and Social Support Among Saudi Women at Primary Health Care Centers in Taif, Saudi Arabia

Association of GC Variants with Bone Mineral Density and Serum VDBP Concentrations in Mexican Population

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