TOTALLY SELECTIVE DRY MICROWAVE ASSISTED AMIDE SYNTHESIS BY HYDRATION OF NITRILE USING SILICA SUPPORTED MnO₂REAGENT

Base‐Promoted Intramolecular Cyclization and Hydrolysis of 2‐(2‐Formylaryloxy)acetonitriles: An Efficient Domino to Approach Benzofuran‐2‐carboxamides

“…To date, many of approaches have been successfully developed to produce amides, [4,5] the hydrolysis of nitriles is the best, simplest and most direct methods for the preparation of amides. Many efficient catalysts have been developed for this reaction including H 2 O 2 , [6] CeO 2 , [7] MnO 2 /SiO 2 , [8] ZnCl 2 , [9] NaBH 4 , [10] and different transition-metal complexes (Pt, [11,12] Ir, [13] Rh, [14,15] Ru, [16,17] Ni, [18] Co, [19,20] Au, [21] Pd, [22] and Mo [23] ). Unfortunately, most of these methods have been compromised by too many steps, harsh reaction conditions, functionalized starting materials, expensive metal catalyst, low turnover numbers and stoichiometric amount of oxidant, which could not fulfill the requirements of reagent efficiency.…”

Sulfated polyborate: A mild, efficient catalyst for synthesis of N-tert-butyl/N-trityl protected amides via Ritter reaction

“…4 Till date, various alternative methodologies have been reported to achieve chemo-selectivity with higher yields under milder conditions to improve Ritter reaction. These include a variety of Lewis and Bronsted acid/reagents such as sulfuric acid, 5,6 Mg(HSO 4 ) 2 , 7 silica-supported Fe(ClO 4 ) 3, 8 trifluoromethane sulfonic acid, 9 trifluoromethane sulfonic anhydride, 10 zeolites, 11 (BF 3 •OEt 2 ), 12 MnO 2 •SiO 2 , 13 bismuth Triflate, 14 DNBSA, 15 Ca(HSO 4 ) 2 , 16 TiCl 4 , 17 P 2 O 5 •SiO 2 , 18 Fe 3+ -K10 Montmorillonite, 19 PMA•SiO 2 , 20 Nafion-H, 21 NaHSO 4 /SiO 2 , 22 and H 2 PW 12 O 40 . 23 In addition to this, various catalytic systems are also reported which include silica sulfuric acid, 24 silica supported sulfonic acid, 25 silica-bonded Npropyl sulphamic acid (SBNPSA), 26 silica boron-sulfuric acid nanoparticles (SBSANs), 27 HClO 4 -functionalized silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles, 28 sulfated tungstate, 29 * For correspondence alumina-methanesulfonic acid (AMA), 30 nanocat-Fe-OSO 3 H, 31 35 Al(HSO 4 ) 3 , 2 ionic liquids, 36 iodine, 37 and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone-supported boron trifluoride.…”

Aluminum-catalyzed efficient synthesis of anilides by the acylation of aryl amines under ultrasonic conditions

“…Some reagents which have been used to convert amines or anilines into amides or anilides, respectively, are: carbodiimides (10), TiCl 4 (11), Sn[NH(TMS) 2 ] 2 (12), ArB(OH) 2 (13), activated phosphate (14), and triphenylphosphine/trichloroacetonitrile (15). Some reports describe the preparation of primary, secondary, and tertiary amides (16,17). Other reactions reported under microwave irradiation include use of catalysts such as imidazole (18), Zeolite-HY (19), p-toluenesulfonic acid (20), and TaCl 5 -silica gel (21).…”