Touchscreen-based assessment of food approach biases: Investigating reliability and item-specific preferences

Kahveci, Sercan; Alebeek, Hannah van; Berking, Matthias; Blechert, Jens

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2021.105190

Cited by 25 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…On the other hand, when block order is counterbalanced, it can generate spurious interpersonal differences in approach-avoidance bias, suppressing correlational effects and creating spuriously high reliability. In fact, some studies suggest that participants respond faster due to training effects in the second block (Galler et al, 2022;Kahveci et al, 2021;Wittekind et al, 2021), while no order effects were found in other studies (Krieglmeyer & Deutsch, 2010;Rougier et al, 2018;van Alebeek et al, 2021).…”

Section: Aat Instructionsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Dual-feature AAT: Combining relevant- and irrelevant-feature approach-avoidance tasks

Illgner¹,

Kahveci²,

Rinck³

2022

Preprint

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The Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT) is used to measure and modify approach and avoidance (AA) tendencies which are important in various mental disorders. To date, 46 participants were either instructed to move stimuli in the AAT depending on the content/valence, or depending on a feature that is unrelated to the content and valence. Both ways of instructing participants have fundamental disadvantages that may reduce the validity of the task or the probability of finding existing effects. In this study, both instructions were combined for the first time, with the goal of minimising the downsides of the conventional AATs. Hence, participants had to approach or avoid images depending on both the content of the images (spider, butterfly) and depending on a content-irrelevant feature (portrait vs. landscape format). In an online study, we found that this new dual-feature AAT showed the expected compatibility effect for errors: Responses compatible with AA tendencies were executed more correctly than incompatible responses. Results regarding the RT outcome measures were less clear-cut and depended on data pre-processing decisions. Moreover, the size of the observed compatibility effects was not related to the participants' level of spider fear. In sum, we found a first indication that the dual-feature AAT could be an alternative to previous types of standard-instructions AATs.

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Section: Aat Instructionsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Dual-feature AAT: Combining relevant- and irrelevant-feature approach-avoidance tasks

Illgner¹,

Kahveci²,

Rinck³

2022

Preprint

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“…Cacioppo et al (1993), moreover, argued that: "subjects who have undergone food deprivation and who are exposed to edible ideographs […] may show stronger [approach tendencies] than un-deprived subjects" (see also Deutsch, 2005, 2015). Another indication of dynamic approach tendencies is that the AATs test-retest reliability is generally reported to be low, whereas its split-half reliability is generally reported to be high (Kahveci et. al., 2021;Machulska et al, 2022;Zech et al, 2022)-a pattern that indicates that a measure likely detects state changes (Hedge et al, 2018).…”

Section: Dynamic Food Approach Tendenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To test this hypothesis, we asked participants to report their subjective hunger and time since their last meal. In addition to testing these main hypotheses, we also explored the associations between food approach tendencies and food attractiveness as well as caloric density (food attractiveness has previously been shown to influence food approach tendencies; Kahveci et al, 2020;Kahveci et al 2021). To examine these associations, we varied the attractiveness and caloric density of the food stimuli used in the AAT.…”

Section: Experiments 1 (Pilot; Not Pre-registered)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Food approach dynamics in daily life: Speed and force of food approach movements fluctuate with hunger, but less so for people with high BMI

Zech¹,

Dijk²,

Dillen³

2022

Preprint

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Researchers have suggested that overconsumption of food, alcohol, and drugs could be explained by chronically elevated approach tendencies to rewarding but unhealthy stimuli. Here, we use the example of food to show that dysregulated rather than chronically elevated approach tendencies are associated with negative health outcomes. To this end, we developed a new smartphone-based paradigm to measure dynamic changes in food approach tendencies outside the laboratory (piloted with N = 48). We demonstrated in three pre-registered experiments (total N = 367) that food approach tendencies decrease from before to after people have eaten. We further show that in overweight and obese participants, these dynamics are disrupted, as their food approach tendencies increase rather than decrease after meals. In addition to showing these effects based on traditional reaction time-based food approach tendencies, we also demonstrate these patterns in a novel measure of response force—a measure that has long been used to study motivation in animals but has received little attention in humans. Together, our findings suggest that both reaction-time based, and force-based approach tendencies change dynamically in accordance with people’s need states and that disruptions in these dynamics are associated with negative health outcomes, such as overweight and obesity.

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“…Taken together, AAT investigations of approach biases towards food cues yielded rather mixed results. Most likely, this can (at least partly) be explained by methodological variations between studies in terms of response devices (keyboard, mouse, joystick, touchscreen), simulation of approach and avoidance movements (zoom or distance effects versus actual movements), and differences between task instructions in terms of relevant-feature versus irrelevant-feature AATs (see Kahveci et al, 2021;van Alebeek et al, 2021). In the context of 'wanting', one would assume an overall approach bias for palatable, HC food.…”

Section: Current State Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the context of 'wanting', one would assume an overall approach bias for palatable, HC food. However, recent research using an updated touchscreen, relevant-feature AAT points to an important role of individual momen-tary preferences and questions the widely held assumption of a general approach bias towards HC food (Kahveci et al, 2021).…”

Section: Current State Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food has the right of way: Evidence for prioritised processing of visual food stimuli irrespective of eating style

et al. 2019

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Touchscreen-based assessment of food approach biases: Investigating reliability and item-specific preferences

Cited by 25 publications

References 68 publications

Dual-feature AAT: Combining relevant- and irrelevant-feature approach-avoidance tasks

Dual-feature AAT: Combining relevant- and irrelevant-feature approach-avoidance tasks

Food approach dynamics in daily life: Speed and force of food approach movements fluctuate with hunger, but less so for people with high BMI

Food has the right of way: Evidence for prioritised processing of visual food stimuli irrespective of eating style

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