Toughened Plastics

Bucknall, C. B.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-5349-4

Cited by 1,214 publications

(298 citation statements)

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“…Dispersing elastic second phase and plasticization with low molecular weight molecules can provide control over nucleation and growth of crazes and can increase craze plasticity in glassy polymers leading to the decrease in brittleness. [31][32][33][34] In the PLA/HBP/PA (92/5.4/2.6) blend, the nanoscale rubbery cross-linked HBP (T g ∼ -31°C) particles were formed in a continuous PLA matrix. During tensile testing, there was stress-whitening in the subfracture region in PLA/HBP (92/08) and PLA/HBP/PA (92/5.4/2.6) blends ( Figure 11).…”

Section: Atomic Force Microscopy (Afm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Brittle Polylactide by Novel Hyperbranched Polymer-Based Nanostructures

2007

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The inherent brittleness of polylactide (PLA) poses considerable scientific challenges and limits its large-scale applications. Here, we propose and demonstrate a new industrially relevant methodology to develop a polylactide (PLA)-based nanoblend having outstanding stiffness-toughness balance. In this approach, a hydroxyl functional hyperbranched polymer (HBP) was in-situ cross-linked with a polyanhydride (PA) in the PLA matrix during melt processing. There was formation of new hyperbranched polymer-based cross-linked particles in the PLA matrix. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed the sea-island morphology of PLA-cross-linked HBP blend. The domain size of cross-linked HBP particles in the PLA matrix was less than 100 nm as obtained from TEM. The presence of cross-linked hyperbranched polymer in the PLA matrix exhibited ∼570% and ∼847% improvement in the toughness and elongation at break, respectively, as compared to unmodified PLA. The increase in the ductility of modified PLA was related to stress whitening and multiple crazing initiated in the presence of cross-linked HBP particles. Formation of a networked interface as revealed by rheological data was associated with enhanced compatibility of the PLA-cross-linked HBP blend as compared to the PLA/HBP blend. The cross-linking reaction of HBP with PA was confirmed with the help of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and low-temperature dynamical mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA).

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Section: Atomic Force Microscopy (Afm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Brittle Polylactide by Novel Hyperbranched Polymer-Based Nanostructures

2007

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“…As can be seen in Fig 10 and 12, HDPE and LLDPE/kaolin composite modified of (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane with 7.5 w.% degree of filling revealed a homogenous distribution of kaolin when incorporated in the synthetic polymer matrix. Stress concentration develops around the particles under the effect of external load and actual stress distribution explores the local micro-mechanical deformation processes in heterogeneous polymer systems similarly as in the previous paper [27].…”

Section: Thermal Analysismentioning

confidence: 85%

The effect of low temperature air plasma treatment on physico-chemical properties of kaolinite/polyethylene composites

Krásný

Lapčík

Lapčı́ková

et al. 2014

Composites Part B: Engineering

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The effect of low temperature air plasma treatment on the physico-chemical properties of kaolinite/polyethylene composites was studied. Moreover, the kaolin powder was treated with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane as a coupling agent to improve the interfacial adhesion between powder filler and polymer matrix. The modification of the kaolin resulted in a notable improvement in the mechanical strength and elastic modulus of filled polyethylene composites, compared to the virgin polymers. Observed improvement of the tensile strength became more marked as the filler loading increased, indicating an improved degree of filler/matrix interaction. Simultaneously the improvement of the fracture toughness of prepared HDPE and LLDPE kaolinite composites was confirmed. Moreover, the morphology of the grains distribution and tensile fracture surface was examined by electron microscopy confirming excellent distribution of the filler in the polymer matrix.

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“…As partículas de borracha devem funcionar não apenas iniciando os mecanismos de tenacificação, que começam ao redor delas, mas também retardando a fratura. Portanto, o tamanho e a distribuição de partículas são de fundamental importância no desenvolvimento destes mecanismos [30] . Não apenas o tamanho das partículas, mas a distância entre estas influencia as propriedades, particularmente, a transição dúctil-frágil [31] .…”

Section: Araújo E M Et Al -Blendas De Poliamida 6/absunclassified

Compatibilização de blendas de poliamida 6/ABS usando os copolímeros acrílicos reativos MMA-GMA e MMA-MA. Parte 2: Comportamento termomecânico e morfológico das blendas

2004

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Resumo: Blendas poliméricas de poliamida 6 (PA6) com acrilonitrila-butadieno-estireno (ABS) foram preparadas em extrusora de rosca dupla, utilizando-se os copolímeros metacrilato de metila -metacrilato de glicidila (MMA-GMA) e metacrilato de metila-anidrido maléico (MMA-MA) como agentes de compatibilização. O ABS, por si só, não foi capaz de tenacificar a PA6, apresentando uma morfologia de fases com grandes e pequenos aglomerados na matriz PA6. A introdução do copolímero MMA-GMA, como compatibilizante do sistema, não melhorou significativamente as propriedades de impacto da blenda PA6/ ABS. As fotomicrografias obtidas por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET) indicaram uma morfologia com duas populações distintas de ABS: aglomerados e pequenas partículas dispersas, resultando em uma distribuição não-uniforme de domínios de ABS. A blenda compatibilizada com MMA-MA foi supertenaz (> 800 J/m) na temperatura ambiente e em baixas temperaturas (~ -10 °C), com baixas concentrações de compatibilizante e baixos teores de MA no copolímero. As blendas PA6/ ABS compatibilizadas com MMA-MA apresentaram uma morfologia de partículas bem dispersas e adequadamente distribuí-das na matriz, evidenciando a presença efetiva do copolímero como agente de compatibilização reativo deste sistema. Abstract: Blends of Polyamide 6 (PA6) with acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) were prepared in a corotating twin-screw extruder, using the poly(methyl methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (MMA-GMA) and poly(methyl methacrylate-comaleic anhydride) (MMA-MA) copolymers as compatibilizing agents. The ABS by itself was not capable to toughen PA6 and showed a phase morphology with large and small agglomerates in the PA6 matrix. The introduction of MMA-GMA copolymer as a compatibilizing agent in the system did not significantly improve the impact properties of PA6/ABS blend. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) photomicrographs indicated a morphology with two distinct populations of ABS: agglomerates and small dispersed particles resulting in a non-uniform distribution of ABS domains. The compatibilized blend with MMA-MA was super-tough (> 800 J/m) at room temperature and low temperature (~ -10 °C) with small amounts of MA in the copolymer and small amounts of compatibilizer in the blend. The PA6/ABS compatibilized blends with MMA-MA showed a morphology of well dispersed and distributed rubber particles in PA6 matrix, thus demonstrating the effective presence of the copolymer as a compatibilizing reactive agent of this system. Palavras Keywords: Morphology, toughness, polyamide, ABS.tivo para aplicações de engenharia. No entanto, a sua sensibilidade à propagação de trinca, alta absorção de umidade, estabilidade dimensional pobre, temperaturas de deflexão térmica relativamente baixas e fragilidade em temperaturas sub-ambientes tornam seu uso restrito a algumas

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Toughened Plastics

Cited by 1,214 publications

References 0 publications

Modification of Brittle Polylactide by Novel Hyperbranched Polymer-Based Nanostructures

Modification of Brittle Polylactide by Novel Hyperbranched Polymer-Based Nanostructures

The effect of low temperature air plasma treatment on physico-chemical properties of kaolinite/polyethylene composites

Compatibilização de blendas de poliamida 6/ABS usando os copolímeros acrílicos reativos MMA-GMA e MMA-MA. Parte 2: Comportamento termomecânico e morfológico das blendas

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