Toughening mechanisms in iron-containing hydroxyapatite/titanium composites

Zirconium nitride nano-particulate reinforced Alon composites: Fabrication, mechanical properties and toughening mechanisms

“…With increasing ZrN particles, more transgranular cracking together with some ridge-like features was observed, which was similar to some other ceramic composite materials. 34 Fig. 10 also gives clear evidence that the presence of nano-sized ZrN particles effectively restricted the growth of grains during sintering at 1850 • C, leading to an obvious refined grain size.…”

“…8. The similar change trend of the fracture strength and fracture toughness with increasing amount of ZrN particles might be understood from the following relationship, 34,47 …”

“…36 Second, different microstructures could steer various mechanisms, such as, crack bridging and crack deflection which could enhance the flexural strength and fracture toughness. 14,18,34,43 Fig. 12 shows some typical examples on the crack bridging, crack branching and crack deflection observed in the ZrN-Alon composites after Vickers indentation tests.…”

Influence of silver nanoparticle addition, porosity, and processing technique on the mechanical properties of Ba0.3Co4Sb12 skutterudites

“…For H, much of the literature on micro-sized and nanosized metallic particles added to brittle matrices has focused on higher volume percentages. For example, H of alumina decreased from 18 GPa to 9.5 GPa with the addition of 0.20 volume fraction aluminum particles (average XRD crystallite size of 25 nm, TEM grain size 26 ± 3 nm) [62], and from 8.2 GPa to 7.3 GPa in hydroxyapatite with the addition of 5 wt % irregularly shaped 67 %Ti-33 %Fe particles which were less than 200 lm across [63].…”

Mechanical properties and fatigue life of ZrO2–Ta composites prepared by hot pressing

“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] However, the use of these composite materials for biomedical applications has been very scarce and only a few papers investigating the bioactive materials like hydroxyapatite, glass ceramic or wollastonite matrix reinforced with Ti, stainless steel, Ag and Au particles have been published. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] The design of ZrO 2 -metal composites may combine the high strength/hardness of zirconia and toughening from the second phases by means of various mechanisms, for example, ductile phase toughening, transformation toughening or crack blunting. Bartolome et al [20][21][22] , have developed ZrO 2 -Nb synergistically toughened ceramic-metal composites due to anticipated interactions between crack bridging and stress-induced phase transformation.…”