Tourism Development in Turkey

Alternative Tourism in Turkey

“…Tourism implementation plans should then be designed to minimize environmental and cultural damage and maximize economic gains while giving local communities more decision power (Tavmergen and Oral 1999). When we combine seasonality with spatial polarization, the result is a spatial organization that puts intense pressure on the environment and on local communities.…”

“…Korzay (1994) argues that the period from 1960 to 1963 was a transition period in terms of tourism policies from their infancy to their adaptation and advocacy stage. Furthermore, Turkey's tourism policy was designed to create an efficient tourism sector with high international competitive power; to meet the needs of both domestic and international tourists; to ensure the continuity of natural and cultural assets while actualizing steady growth in tourism revenues; and to develop social tourism facilities that extended the economic benefits to the entire population (Tavmergen and Oral 1999). This era was marked by the consolidation of the republican regime and the evolution of a political structure for political democracy (Nohutçu 2002).…”

“…Roney (2011) attributes the unhealthy and unsustainable development of Turkish tourism to the Tourism Encouragement Law (No. According to Tavmergen and Oral (1999), an increase in the number of trained personnel, the development of tourism training activities, and the development of improved tourism products to meet the more sophisticated demand were among the tourism enhancements during this period. Numerous generous incentives were provided for investors that resulted in rapid increases in bed capacity in the south and southwest regions of the country over the years (Tosun et al 2008).…”

Spatial planning system in Turkey. Focus on tourism destinations

“…Tourism was considered as a subsector in the national development plans with objectives to utilize tourism potentials to obtain tourism income, to provide tourism infrastructure for visitors and to maintain a balance between preservation and development in and around tourism destinations (Tarhan, 1999). In this period, the tourism policy was designed to promote an efficient tourism sector with a high international competitive advantage for fulfilling the expectations of domestic and international tourists, to obtain a balanced economic and spatial development considering the preservation of natural and cultural assets, and to invest and improve spatial and social tourism infrastructure for local communities (Tavmergen & Oral, 1999). Aiming to realize these tourism policies, mass tourism and coastal tourism activities were promoted through large-scale investments in tourism regions.…”

Promoting the Image of Banda Aceh-Indonesia Becomes a Popular Tsunami-Tourism Destination City: The Moderating Roles of Cultural and Islamic Tourism Objects

“…The tourism destination city's image does not only rely on a single tourism object but it depends on various tourist attractions that are complementary to each other (Ritchie et al, 2011). For example, in developing the image of the tourism destination city, Turkey has promoted the coastal areas of the Mediterranean and the Aegean (Tosun et al, 2003), various natural attractions of unspoiled landscape with forests, rivers, and mountains (Yolal, 2016), cultural heritages, such as the epochs of prehistoric times of the Hittite period, early iron epoch, Greek period, and Byzantium period, and Islamic tourism relics of the glory of Islam, such as the Seljuks and Ottomans heritages (Tavmergen and Oral, 1999).…”