“…In recent decades, many studies have demonstrated that tourist satisfaction is influenced by various factors such as trust (Ibrahim et al, 2015;Cilliers et al, 2018;Shah et al, 2018;Long, 2019;Masrurul, 2019), responsiveness (Ibrahim et al, 2015;Cilliers et al, 2018;Shah et al, 2018;Long, 2019;Masrurul, 2019;Thi et al, 2020), assurance (Shah et al, 2018;Thuy, 2020;Hong et al, 2022;Cheraghzadeh et al, 2023;Sapkota et al, 2023;Son et al, 2023), empathy (Shah et al, 2018;Long, 2019;Masrurul, 2019;Thanh and Ha, 2021), tangible elements (Ibrahim et al, 2015;Shah et al, 2018;Long, 2019;Masrurul, 2019;Thi et al, 2020;Thuy, 2020;Hong et al, 2022;Cheraghzadeh et al, 2023;Sapkota et al, 2023;Sugiama et al, 2024), and local characteristics (Thanh and Ha, 2021;Son et al, 2023).…”