“…However, there is a scarcity of studies on location-based user-generated content (Martí et al, 2019). Furthermore, previous studies investigate tourist purchase behavior by focusing on purchasing preferences (Azmi et al, 2019), purchasing motives , spending patterns (Wang & Davidson, 2010), and satisfactory purchase experience (Xu & McGehee, 2012). Still, a limited number of studies have evaluated gift purchase decisions of tourists (Gao et al, 2017), despite it being a common practice among tourists.…”