Toward a fully integrated automotive radar system-on-chip in 22 nm FD-SOI CMOS

Ritter, Philipp

doi:10.1017/s1759078721000088

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…MMIC technology enables the development of highly integrated systems, reducing their volume and power requirements [79]. Modern automotive radar integrates the MMIC, transmitters, receivers, microcontroller, and other signal processing units into one integrated unit [80]. Generally, automotive radars are FMCW and are able to provide information relative to the range, Doppler (speed), and azimuth [81].…”

Section: Radarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Architecture and Potential of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles

Pipicelli,

Gimelli,

Sessa

et al. 2024

Vehicles

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The transport sector is under an intensive renovation process. Innovative concepts such as shared and intermodal mobility, mobility as a service, and connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) will contribute to the transition toward carbon neutrality and are foreseen as crucial parts of future mobility systems, as demonstrated by worldwide efforts in research and industry communities. The main driver of CAVs development is road safety, but other benefits, such as comfort and energy saving, are not to be neglected. CAVs analysis and development usually focus on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) research themes and less on the entire vehicle system. Many studies on specific aspects of CAVs are available in the literature, including advanced powertrain control strategies and their effects on vehicle efficiency. However, most studies neglect the additional power consumption due to the autonomous driving system. This work aims to assess uncertain CAVs’ efficiency improvements and offers an overview of their architecture. In particular, a combination of the literature survey and proper statistical methods are proposed to provide a comprehensive overview of CAVs. The CAV layout, data processing, and management to be used in energy management strategies are discussed. The data gathered are used to define statistical distribution relative to the efficiency improvement, number of sensors, computing units and their power requirements. Those distributions have been employed within a Monte Carlo method simulation to evaluate the effect on vehicle energy consumption and energy saving, using optimal driving behaviour, and considering the power consumption from additional CAV hardware. The results show that the assumption that CAV technologies will reduce energy consumption compared to the reference vehicle, should not be taken for granted. In 75% of scenarios, simulated light-duty CAVs worsen energy efficiency, while the results are more promising for heavy-duty vehicles.

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Section: Radarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Architecture and Potential of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles

Pipicelli,

Gimelli,

Sessa

et al. 2024

Vehicles

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“…The implementation of two different VCOs offers the possibility to optimize the oscillator performance intended for different applications, e.g., a VCO with smaller frequency tuning range, but lower phase noise for the long range radar (LRR) application or a VCO with larger frequency tuning range, but higher phase noise for short range radar (SRR) application. 5 Furthermore this architecture makes it possible to compare the performance of two different VCO implementations in a simple and cost-effective way. The first oscillator, VCO1, is designed as a push-push VCO at a fundamental frequency of 20 GHz optimized for low phase noise (e.g., −100 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz at the 77/79 GHz output), while the second oscillator, VCO2, is developed at a fundamental frequency of 26 GHz including the direct extraction of the third harmonic signal from the VCO core and offering a very large total tuning range (e.g., >11 GHz at the 77/79 GHz output).…”

Section: Transmitter Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned in Section I, it is common to implement a lower frequency VCO and then multiply this frequency to the desired frequency [3], [4], [5], [13]. With this frequency multiplication together with the above mentioned VCO architectures, a low CMOS VCO phase noise is achieved which is comparable to that of SiGe HBT VCOs (even at lower phase noise offset frequency range) [13], [17], [18].…”

Section: A 77 Ghz Signal Sources Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current 77/79 GHz radar products are still dominated by SiGe Bipolar technologies because of their superior noise and millimeter-wave performance [1], [2]. However, it is now very popular to design/implement radar chips in advanced CMOS nodes for higher integration level and even lower costs [3]- [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the VCO phase noise realized with bipolar devices is good enough at 40 GHz and 80 GHz for radar applications [1], [8], [9]. On the other hand, it is required to have the CMOS VCOs to operate at lower oscillation frequency in order to achieve robust VCO designs 2 and good phase noise [3]- [5]. Then the wanted 77/79 GHz signals needed in applications could be generated by following frequency multipliers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Broadband 77/79 GHz Transmitter With Dual VCOs and Third Harmonic Signal Extraction in a 28 nm CMOS Technology

Reiter

Sene

et al. 2022

IEEE J. Microw.

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A broadband 77/79 GHz transmitter (TX) front-end for automotive long range radar (LRR) and short range radar (SRR) applications is presented in this paper. To achieve the best system performance one new TX architecture with two specifically designed voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) is implemented in a 28 nm CMOS technology. Furthermore, the degradation of the VCO phase noise due to the TX integration is analyzed in detail and solutions to minimize the impacts are proposed and verified. Experimental results of a 20 GHz push-push VCO1 measured at the 77 GHz TX output show a continuous tuning range of 4.75 GHz, a coarse tuning range of 3.2 GHz and an average phase noise of −100 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz, while a 26 GHz VCO2 with third harmonic signal extraction achieves a continuous and coarse tuning range of 7.5 GHz and 4.2 GHz with an average phase noise of −96 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz at 79 GHz TX output. Moreover, a record pushing performance of < ± 100 MHz/V at 77/79 GHz TX output has been achieved according to the authors' best knowledge. The whole TX chip consumes about 860 mW from a single 2.1 V supply while providing more than 16 dBm output power over the whole frequency band.INDEX TERMS Millimeter-wave radar, voltage-controlled oscillator, transmitter, 28 nm CMOS.

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A 77-GHz High Gain Low Noise Receiver for Automatic Radar Applications

Cheng

Mei

et al. 2021

Electronics

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In this paper, a high gain 77-GHz receiver with a low noise figure (NF) was designed and implemented in a 40-nm CMOS process. With the purpose of making better use of active devices, an extra inductor, Ld, is adopted in the new neutralization technique. The three-stage differential low noise amplifier (LNA) using the proposed technique improves the voltage gain and reduces the NF. The receiver design utilizes an active double-balanced Gilbert mixer with a transformer coupling network between the transconductance stage and the switch stage. The flicker noise contribution from the switch MOS transistors is largely reduced due to the low DC current of the switch pairs. The LO signal is provided by an on-chip fundamental voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with a tuning range from 70.5 to 78.1 GHz. A conversion gain of 32 dB and a NF of 11.86 dB are achieved at 77 GHz by the designed receiver. The LNA as well as the mixer consume a total DC power of 33.2 mW and occupy a core size of 1 × 0.38 mm2.

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Toward a fully integrated automotive radar system-on-chip in 22 nm FD-SOI CMOS

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Architecture and Potential of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles

Architecture and Potential of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles

A Broadband 77/79 GHz Transmitter With Dual VCOs and Third Harmonic Signal Extraction in a 28 nm CMOS Technology

A 77-GHz High Gain Low Noise Receiver for Automatic Radar Applications

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