Toward a Theory of Culture as Shared Cognitive Structures

Romney, A. Kimball; Moore, Carmella C.

doi:10.1525/eth.1998.26.3.314

Cited by 67 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Lee Iacocca, for example, was replaced by Donald Trump and later by Bill Gates (Paulhus & Landolt, 2000). This stability in exemplars of intelligence represents a "shared cognition" that serves to facilitate communication, social interactions, and group decisions (see Romney & Moore, 1998;Thompson & Fine, 1999).…”

Section: Distinctiveness From Other Constructsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Exemplar Surveys to Reveal Implicit Types of Intelligence

Paulhus

Wehr

Harms

et al. 2002

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

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Implicit theories of intelligence were investigated via surveys of exemplars of intelligence. Study 1 was a four-sample survey of famous exemplars. These diverse samples reported a similar set of popular exemplars, which clustered into five groups. These groups represented five types of intelligence: scientific, artistic, entrepreneurial, communicative, and moral intelligence. In Study 2, the minimal overlap of intelligence exemplars with those of fame, creativity, and wisdom refuted the possibility that exemplar reports are indiscriminate or solely a result of availability. In Study 3, knowledgeable judges rated the similarity of 50 famous persons to exemplars representing each type of intelligence. All five similarity ratings predicted exemplar popularities. In Study 4, where exemplar reports were not restricted to famous people, 31% were nonfamous (friends, family members, teachers, etc.). The results indicate that five implicit types of intelligence, each represented by highly available exemplars, play a role in people’s implicit theories.

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Section: Distinctiveness From Other Constructsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Exemplar Surveys to Reveal Implicit Types of Intelligence

Paulhus

Wehr

Harms

et al. 2002

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

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show abstract

“…In short, these discussions of the mechanisms associated with the human acquisition of knowledge about the natural world seem to have led to an increasing emphasis on the conditions-material (ecology and modes of production), socio-political (political economy) and symbolic-cognitive (local forms of representation)-into which the processes of transmission (D'ANDRADE, 1981;HEWLETT and CAVALLI-SFORZA, 1986;OHMAGARI and BERKES, 1997;ROSS, 2002a;ROSS and REVILLA-MINAYA, 2011) and distribution (GARRO, 1986;BOSTER, 1986;ROMNEY and MOORE, 1998;REYES-GARCIA et al, 2007a) of knowledge are inserted. Taking into consideration the abovementioned research contributions, and considering that rural/local populations have undergone significant economic and socio-cultural changes all over the globe, studies have increasingly focused on the transformations of local knowledge associated with this process (ZENT, 1999;HUNN, 1999;BENZ and WORTH, 2000;ROSS, 2002b;ELLEN, 2006;REYES-GARCIA et al, 2007b).…”

Section: Theoretical Landmarks and Central Debates In Ethnobiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other topics common to ethnobiological studies are the modes of transmission (D'ANDRADE, 1981;OHMAGARI and BERKES, 1997;ROSS, 2002a;ROSS and REVILLA-MINAYA, 2011) and distribution (GARRO, 1986;BOSTER, 1986;ROMNEY and MOORE, 1998;REYES-GARCIA et al, 2003, 2007a of local knowledge in a given society and their transformations in the face of the historical changes experienced by local/rural populations (ZENT, 1999;HUNN, 1999;BENZ and WORTH, 2000;ROSS, 2002b;ELLEN, 2006;REYES-GARCIA et al, 2007b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Etnoecologia Em Perspectiva: Origens, Interfaces E Correntes Atuais De Um Campo Em Ascensão

Prado

Murrieta

2015

Ambient. soc.

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O conhecimento ecológico local (CEL) tem sido abordado em suas dimensões cognitivas, históricas e de interface com a ciência normativa. Para uma compreensão mais aprofundada das potencialidades presentes nos estudos sobre o CEL é imprescindível uma visão mais abrangente dos marcos teóricos que pontuaram a história das etnociências, notadamente da etnobiologia. Assim, o presente artigo traz uma síntese dos debates centrais na etnobiologia e dos seus desdobramentos em linhas de pesquisa correntes e também incipientes, sobretudo no Brasil. As transformações no CEL e as comparações deste com o conhecimento científico também são aqui abordadas. Também é desenvolvido o argumento de que, mais do que nas similaridades, são nas divergências entre esses conhecimentos que reside o maior potencial para se aprofundar no entendimento do CEL. Trazer à luz a parcela de seu repertório que lhe é particular alimenta novas hipóteses de interesse tanto etnoecológico quanto antropológico sobre seu processo de aquisição individual.

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“…However, as Krueger (2007) explained within the context of entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial actions can be traced all the way back to deep cognitive structures and beliefs or -assumptions that underpin our sense-making and decision-making‖ (Krueger, 2007, p. 124). Therefore, when an individual is confronted with the need to change their deep cognitive structures, which is the case during the cross-cultural adaptation process (from a cognitive perspective, national cultures can be understood as -shared cognitive structures‖ that are composed of categories or schemas; see for example Romney & Moore, 1998;Shaw, 1990), it is necessary to encourage and nurture his/her self-reflective abilities, so that this person is able to advance his/her knowledge base by -confronting significant discrepancies and contradictions‖ (Krueger 2007, p. 125). We believe that the sense-making method proposed in this paper offers ample opportunities for focused attention and deeper self-reflection among international students.…”

Section: 84) Which Naturally Occurs When There Is a Difference Betmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competency-Based Training Program for International Students

Azevedo¹,

Hurst²,

Dwyer³

2015

IBR

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The purpose of this paper is to introduce a training program for developing the self-discovery and self-regulation competencies of international students. The paper combines literature review from global leadership, international education and related disciplines to advance a competency-based program that addresses a critical need for greater integration and retention of international students in their host countries. Research evidence from the literature review further suggested that key competencies such as self-awareness and self-regulation are critical for enabling the development of culturally intelligent behaviours. The program therefore introduces an initial phase of experiential learning activities in mindfulness and sense-making to foster the development of the foundational competence self-discovery. In addition, a second phase of entrepreneurial projects is designed to support individual growth in three self-regulation competencies: psychological flexibility, human sustainability and entrepreneurial thinking. The importance of this training program for the effective social integration and long-term retention of international students is discussed. Opportunities for future research are also outlined in the concluding section.

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Toward a Theory of Culture as Shared Cognitive Structures

Cited by 67 publications

References 62 publications

Use of Exemplar Surveys to Reveal Implicit Types of Intelligence

Use of Exemplar Surveys to Reveal Implicit Types of Intelligence

A Etnoecologia Em Perspectiva: Origens, Interfaces E Correntes Atuais De Um Campo Em Ascensão

Competency-Based Training Program for International Students

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