Toward an integrative approach to the study of stress.

Abstract

Stress and coping are considered as part of a process involving environmental events, psychosocial processes, and physiological response. The concept of stress as well as approaches to its study are discussed. Links between coping and perceived control are described, and measurement approaches are evaluated. The usefulness of integrated approaches to the study of stress, emphasizing expansion of both conceptual and methodological perspectives, is discussed.

Work Stress, Coping Strategies and Resilience: A Study among Working Females

“…Consequently, coping strategies are behaviours adopted by the individual in response to reduce the adverse effects of the appraised stressor (Fleming, Baum, & Singer, 1984;Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). According to Lazarus and Folkman (1984), there are two categories of coping strategies-problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping.…”

Adjustment to a low-control situation: Reexamining the role of coping responses.

“…Coping strategies are those strategies that are adopted by individuals with the intention of somehow reducing the effects of stress (Fleming, Baum, & Singer, 1984). Lazarus and Folkman (1984) distinguished between coping strategies that are employed to confront and seek solutions to the situation (problem-focused strategies) and emotionfocused strategies, which focus not on the event but on ameliorating the associated level of emotional distress.…”

“…As predicted, escapist strategies and problemmanagement strategies (mainly at Time 2) were associated with poor adjustment, whereas problem-appraisal coping was associated with better adjustment. There was also support for the proposed positive relationship between adjustment and emotional approach coping (on selfreport adjustment).Coping strategies are those strategies that are adopted by individuals with the intention of somehow reducing the effects of stress (Fleming, Baum, & Singer, 1984). Lazarus and Folkman (1984) distinguished between coping strategies that are employed to confront and seek solutions to the situation (problem-focused strategies) and emotionfocused strategies, which focus not on the event but on ameliorating the associated level of emotional distress.…”

Selection of Personnel for Stressful Occupations: The Potential Utility of Psychophysiological Measures as Selection Tools

“…Rather than defining stress in terms of either objective stimulus characteristics or objective physiological responses, the cognitive-relational theory concentrates on the mediational evaluative process carried out by the individual based on the perceived relationship between demands and resources (Fleming, Baum, & Singer, 1984). Thus, reciprocal causality between individual, situational, and response variables is assumed.…”