Toward Efficient Blockchain for the Internet of Vehicles with Hierarchical Blockchain Resource Scheduling

Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is a network that connects vehicles and everything. IoV shares traffic data by connecting vehicles with the surrounding environment, which brings huge potential to people’s life. However, a large number of connections and data sharing will seriously consume vehicle resources during the interaction. In addition, how to build a safe and reliable connection to ensure vehicle safety is also an issue to consider. To solve the above problems, researchers introduce blockchains into IoV to build a safe and reliable vehicle network relying on the distributed account structure, immutable, transparent and security features of blockchains. We have investigated the application of blockchains in IoV in recent years, and have summarized and compared these studies according to their purposes. On this basis, we also point out the future trends and opportunities.

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“…Different from the above work, Refs. [90][91][92][93] consider the computing resources in the network. The author of Ref.…”

Section: Resource Schedulingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The author of Ref. [90] proposes a blockchain-based hierarchical resource scheduling model for IoV with limited computing resources. This model solves the problem of computing resource shortage in IoV by efficiently allocating computing resources, and effectively improves the behavior of IoV.…”

Section: Resource Schedulingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-Enabled Internet of Vehicles Applications

et al. 2023

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“…Blockchain has recently piqued the interest of both academics and industry. It is extremely effective to handle data transferring constraints between heterogeneous devices On the Internet of Vehicles (IOV) while ensuring privacy and security [76]. Blockchain was developed to service banking and digital money (Bitcoin); later on, it was implemented in other spheres of life.…”

Section: Blockchainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Blockchain Technology and Federated Learning in Vehicular (IoT) Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

Javed

Hassan

Shahzad

et al. 2022

Sensors

106

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The Internet of Things (IoT) revitalizes the world with tremendous capabilities and potential to be utilized in vehicular networks. The Smart Transport Infrastructure (STI) era depends mainly on the IoT. Advanced machine learning (ML) techniques are being used to strengthen the STI smartness further. However, some decisions are very challenging due to the vast number of STI components and big data generated from STIs. Computation cost, communication overheads, and privacy issues are significant concerns for wide-scale ML adoption within STI. These issues can be addressed using Federated Learning (FL) and blockchain. FL can be used to address the issues of privacy preservation and handling big data generated in STI management and control. Blockchain is a distributed ledger that can store data while providing trust and integrity assurance. Blockchain can be a solution to data integrity and can add more security to the STI. This survey initially explores the vehicular network and STI in detail and sheds light on the blockchain and FL with real-world implementations. Then, FL and blockchain applications in the Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) environment from security and privacy perspectives are discussed in detail. In the end, the paper focuses on the current research challenges and future research directions related to integrating FL and blockchain for vehicular networks.

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“…The system model of the IoV-based on Blockchain (BIoV) can be divided by the number of Blockchain. In [4], Gao L. et al proposed a hierarchical resource management framework composed of a Blockchain service layer, infrastructure layer, and network layer. In addition, a monitoring system was designed to allocate system resources and improve system flexibility efficiently.…”

Section: Related Work 21 the System Model Of Biovmentioning

confidence: 99%

RSU Cluster Deployment and Collaboration Storage of IoV Based Blockchain

Chen

Shi

2022

Sustainability

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The Internet of Vehicles is increasingly becoming an indispensable platform to make interactions among vehicles, humans, and roadside infrastructures, and it is continuing to evolve with improvements on its application scenarios and service robustness. Academia and industry have also been concerned with the security issue of Internet of Vehicles (IoV). The Blockchain technology provides a new solution to improve security of the IoV, and it has drawn increased attention. Blockchain technology deals with the network model, identity authentication, trust management, and access control. However, there are insufficient studies on strategy of nodes deployment in the existing BIoV (Blockchain-based IoV). Based on the principle of partition, this paper studies the Blockchain-based IoV model in which the vehicle network system consists of vehicles and Road Side Unit (RSU) nodes. The Blockchain network is formed by the RSU nodes. By optimizing the LEACH algorithm, we partition RSUs and select cluster heads in BIoV, which has good scalability while maintaining a reasonable scale of Blockchain. Simulation results indicated that the improved-LEACH algorithm (I-LEACH) is more effective than the LEACH, DEEC, and the improved-DEEC algorithms (I-DEEC) with respect to the network life cycle and data transmission. Additionally, in order to reduce dependence of the storage resources from BIoV, we designed an intra-cluster collaborative storage scheme by adopting three algorithms for comparison—the genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, and the model quantum genetic algorithm (QGA). It revealed that the intra-cluster collaborative storage scheme is effective to ease the bottleneck of storage space demanded in BIoV, and verified by the simulation experiments.

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Toward Efficient Blockchain for the Internet of Vehicles with Hierarchical Blockchain Resource Scheduling

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Blockchain-Enabled Internet of Vehicles Applications

Blockchain-Enabled Internet of Vehicles Applications

Integration of Blockchain Technology and Federated Learning in Vehicular (IoT) Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

RSU Cluster Deployment and Collaboration Storage of IoV Based Blockchain

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