Toward Efficient Polymer Solar Cells Processed by a Solution‐Processed Layer‐By‐Layer Approach

Cui, Yong; Zhang, Shaoqing; Liang, Ningning; Kong, Jingyi; Yang, Chenyi; Yao, Huifeng; Ma, Lijiao; Hou, Jianhui

doi:10.1002/adma.201802499

Cited by 128 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…As one of the two key components for a BHJ blend, the donor–acceptor (D–A)‐type donor materials also play a vital role in elevating the PCE of nonfullerene polymer solar cells . Accordingly, the large number of donor polymers originally developed for fullerenes provides a rich choice of materials for direct use in nonfullerene polymer solar cells; meanwhile, great efforts and attempts have been devoted to develop new donor polymers matched with NFAs . Although some polymer donors have been successfully used in nonfullerene OSCs, such as typical PTB7‐Th, PBDB‐T, PBDT‐TF (PM6), and J51 materials, the development of donor materials has still lagged far behind that of electron‐acceptor materials .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21] Accordingly, the large number of donor polymers originally developed for fullerenes provides a rich choice of materials for direct use in nonfullerene polymer solar cells; meanwhile, great efforts and attempts have been devoted to develop new donor polymers matched with NFAs. [12,22] Although some polymer donors have been successfully used in nonfullerene OSCs, such as typical PTB7-Th, [17] PBDB-T, [23] PBDT-TF (PM6), [24] and J51 [25] materials, the development of donor materials has still lagged far behind that of electron-acceptor materials. [26,27] Therefore, the further molecular design of D-A-type donor poly mers should be one of the most important topics in the field of polymer solar cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐c′]Dithiophene‐4,8‐Dione‐Based Polymer Donor Achieving an Efficiency Over 16%

et al. 2020

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It is of great significance to develop efficient donor polymers during the rapid development of acceptor materials for nonfullerene bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells. Herein, a new donor polymer, named PBTT‐F, based on a strongly electron‐deficient core (5,7‐dibromo‐2,3‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione, TTDO), is developed through the design of cyclohexane‐1,4‐dione embedded into a thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene (TT) unit. When blended with the acceptor Y6, the PBTT‐F‐based photovoltaic device exhibits an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.1% with a very high fill factor (FF) of 77.1%. This polymer also shows high efficiency for a thick‐film device, with a PCE of ≈14.2% being realized for an active layer thickness of 190 nm. In addition, the PBTT‐F‐based polymer solar cells also show good stability after storage for ≈700 h in a glove box, with a high PCE of ≈14.8%, which obviously shows that this kind of polymer is very promising for future commercial applications. This work provides a unique strategy for the molecular synthesis of donor polymers, and these results demonstrate that PBTT‐F is a very promising donor polymer for use in polymer solar cells, providing an alternative choice for a variety of fullerene‐free acceptor materials for the research community.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐c′]Dithiophene‐4,8‐Dione‐Based Polymer Donor Achieving an Efficiency Over 16%

et al. 2020

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“…However, such a method is unable to separate the donors and the acceptors, the vertical phase separation of the active layers are still not well regulated. There are also related literature reporting the use of orthogonal solvents or simultaneously citing a third solvent to increase the donor and the acceptor contact areas, and achieve higher efficiency whereas the choice of orthogonal solvents and device preparation process are more complicated 31–35. By summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of the above literature, we can find that when donor and acceptor materials were dissolved using nonorthogonal solvents, the processing of the films were well completed which can also regulate vertical phase separation well 36.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the citing a third solvent to increase the donor and the acceptor contact areas, and achieve higher efficiency whereas the choice of orthogonal solvents and device preparation process are more complicated. [31][32][33][34][35] By summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of the above literature, we can find that when donor and acceptor materials were dissolved using nonorthogonal solvents, the processing of the films were well completed which can also regulate vertical phase separation well. [36] Therefore, it is feasible to construct a bilayer active layer by sequential spin-coating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Pseudoplanar Heterojunction Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Nonfullerene Alloyed Acceptor

Wan

Zhang

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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The vast majority of ternary organic solar cells are obtained by simply fabricating bulk heterojunction (BHJ) active layers. Due to the inappropriate distribution of donors and acceptors in the vertical direction, a new method by fabricating pseudoplanar heterojunction (PPHJ) ternary organic solar cells is proposed to better modulate the morphology of active layer. The pseudoplanar heterojunction ternary organic solar cells (P‐ternary) are fabricated by a sequential solution treatment technique, in which the donor and acceptor mixture blends are sequentially spin‐coated. As a consequence, a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.2% is achieved with a Voc of 0.79 V, Jsc of 25.6 mA cm−2, and fill factor (FF) of 69.8% compared with the ternary BHJ system of 13.8%. At the same time, the alloyed acceptor is likely formed between two the acceptors through a series of in‐depth explorations. This work suggests that nonfullerene alloyed acceptor may have great potential to realize effective P‐ternary organic solar cells.

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“…However, in comparison with BHJ OSCs, there are only a few works reported on sequentially deposited bilayer structure devices [29][30][31] and to our knowledge, there has been no attempt to print large-area OSCs using the bilayer structure reported. However, in comparison with BHJ OSCs, there are only a few works reported on sequentially deposited bilayer structure devices [29][30][31] and to our knowledge, there has been no attempt to print large-area OSCs using the bilayer structure reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Large‐Area Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Sequential Bilayer Processing via Nonhalogenated Solvents

Dong

Zhang

Xie

et al. 2018

Advanced Energy Materials

168

161

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power conversion efficiency (PCE) of BHJ devices strongly depends on phase separation of the donor and acceptor. However, the formation of BHJ morphology is an extremely complicated process and the formed morphology is also a highly delicate balance involving many parameters such as domain size, purity, miscibility, etc. To achieve high-performance devices, much effort has been devoted to delicately control the morphology of the active layer (such as the blend ratio between the donor and acceptor, [9][10][11] the type of solvent, [12][13][14] the type and amount of processing additive, [15][16][17] and thermal and solvent annealing [18][19][20] ) to obtain optimal interpenetrated nanoscale phase separation. What is worse, the morphology control becomes much more challenging when the device area is scaled up, for example, the morphology of printed film may vary drastically when the processing condition changes. For this reason, there are typically large performance drops when OPV devices are scaled up to large area or processed using printing techniques. [21,22] Moreover, green solvent is a prerequisite for the commercialization of OSCs. However, for the BHJ structure, the solubility and miscibility of both the donor and acceptor must be taken into consideration together, which limits the selection of a processing solvent. Most OSCs were processed with toxic halogen solvents, and only a few high-performances donor/acceptor combinations were reported in the literature using low toxicity/nontoxic solvents.In contrast, sequential deposition of the donor and acceptor materials followed by post thermal annealing can lead to a similar BHJ morphology and reasonably efficient OSC devices. The interpenetration between donor and acceptor during the solution processing ensures the D/A interfaces for separation of the charges. [23][24][25] The bilayer structure should be more favorable for charge transport as the separated charges can easily transport to each electrode through the D or A layer with low possibility of recombination. [26][27][28] In addition, as both donor and acceptor layers can be processed and optimized independently, this bilayer structure should show less dependence on the D/A ratio, solvent, additive, etc., when compared with the BHJ structure. These properties make the bilayer structure very attractive for achieving high-performance OSCs and While the performance of laboratory-scale organic solar cells (OSCs) continues to grow over 13%, the development of high-efficiency large area OSCs still lags. One big challenge is that the formation of bulk heterojunction morphology is an extremely complicated process and the formed morphology is also a highly delicate balance involving many parameters such as domain size, purity, miscibility, etc. The morphology control becomes much more challenging when the device area is scaled up. In this work, a highly efficient (12.9%) nonfullerene organic solar cell processed using a sequential bilayer deposition method from nonhalogenated solvents, is reported. Using this bi...

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Toward Efficient Polymer Solar Cells Processed by a Solution‐Processed Layer‐By‐Layer Approach

Cited by 128 publications

References 53 publications

A Benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐c′]Dithiophene‐4,8‐Dione‐Based Polymer Donor Achieving an Efficiency Over 16%

A Benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐c′]Dithiophene‐4,8‐Dione‐Based Polymer Donor Achieving an Efficiency Over 16%

High‐Performance Pseudoplanar Heterojunction Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Nonfullerene Alloyed Acceptor

High‐Performance Large‐Area Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Sequential Bilayer Processing via Nonhalogenated Solvents

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