Toward healthy housing for the displaced

Albadra, Dima; Coley, David; Hart, Jason

doi:10.1080/13602365.2018.1424227

Cited by 50 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The threat of TC-heat may not be restricted to people affected by loss of AC. Some of the TCs mentioned displaced millions of people, and relief housing may not provide safe refuge from extreme heat 19 . Furthermore, humanitarian operations in the wake of TCs can involve large numbers of non-native personnel, such as the 7,600+ US troops arriving after Cyclone Marian 20 .…”

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confidence: 99%

An emerging tropical cyclone–deadly heat compound hazard

2019

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Word count (not including references or opening paragraph): 2,000 Climate change may bring new hazards through novel combinations of extreme weather (compound events) 1. Here we evaluate the possibility of dangerous heat following major tropical cyclones (TCs)-a combination with serious potential consequences given that mega-blackouts may follow powerful TCs 2 , and the heavy reliance on air conditioning 3. We show that "TC-heat" events are already possible along densely populated coastlines globally but, so far, only an estimated 1,000 people have been impacted. However, this number could rise markedly, with over two million at risk under a storyline of the observed TCs recurring in a 2°C warmer world than preindustrial. Using analogues as focussing events we show, for example, that if the catastrophic 1991 Bangladesh Cyclone occurred with 2°C global warming, there would be >70% chance of subsequent dangerous heat. This research highlights a gap in adaptation planning and a need to prepare for an emerging TC-heat compound hazard. Extreme heat is a major threat to public health and a risk that is projected to rise with global warming 4 , even if temperatures are held below the Paris targets of 1.5 or 2°C 5. With around 1.6 billion units in operation, air conditioning (AC) reduces vulnerability to extreme heat 3,6. However, populations dependent on AC may become highly exposed in the event of power failure 7. Significant electricity outages have already been caused by Tropical Cyclones (TCs), with the top three events (2013 Typhoon Haiyan, 2017 Hurricane Maria, and 2012 Typhoon Bopha) incurring between 3.2 to 6.1 billion customer-hours of lost supply over one or two months 8-11. Significant heat-related mortality was not reported during these mega-blackouts, but given the rapid rise in dangerous humid heat projected at low-latitudes 4 , we identify the growing threat of a catastrophic "TC-heat" compound hazard. In this storyline, a TC first cripples electrical infrastructure, then is followed by deadly heat as the population tries to recover. Here, we provide the first assessment of the present and evolving risk of the TC-heat

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confidence: 99%

An emerging tropical cyclone–deadly heat compound hazard

2019

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“…The environmental impact of the aid shelters has been highlighted as a clear knowledge gap by Ramboll and Save the Children [8], and the need for further research is amongst their recommendations. The same gap was highlighted by Albadra, Coley and Hart [9] as their literature survey showed that in the past 38 years, only 60 academic papers have been published on the subject of 'emergency or temporary shelters', and only nine of them addressed the shelters' life cycle sustainability or environmental impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Scholarly classification of shelters is diverse. Albadra, Coley and Hart [9] categorized the shelters in terms of their manufacturing approach or location into 'transportable shelters' and 'built on-site shelters'. They clarify that transportable shelters include any shelter that is manufactured off-site and then shipped to the intended location.…”

Section: Shelter Typologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualifying the Sustainability of Novel Designs and Existing Solutions for Post-Disaster and Post-Conflict Sheltering

et al. 2020

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During the course of 2018, 70.8 million people globally were forcibly displaced due to natural disasters and conflicts—a staggering increase of 2.9 million people compared to the previous year’s figure. Displaced people cluster in refugee camps which have very often the scale of a medium-sized city. Post-disaster and post-conflict (PDPC) sheltering therefore represents a vitally important element for both the short- and long-term wellbeing of the displaced. However, the constrained environment which dominates PDPC sheltering often results in a lack of consideration of sustainability dimensions. Neglecting sustainability has severe practical consequences on both people and the environment, and in the long run it also incurs higher costs. It is therefore imperative to quickly transfer to PDPC sheltering where sustainability considerations are a key element of the design and decision-making processes. To facilitate such transition, this article reviews both ‘existing solutions’ and ‘novel designs’ for PDPC sheltering against the three pillars of sustainability. Both clusters are systematically categorized, and pros and cons of solutions and designs are identified. This provides an overview of the attempts made so far in different contexts, and it highlights what worked and what did not. This article represents a stepping-stone for future work in this area, to both facilitate and accelerate the transition to sustainable sheltering.

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“…For the 'adapt-a-design' workshops, four main shelter typologies were identified through a literature review (Albadra et al, 2018;Felix et al, 2013;IFRC, 2013). These were: Deployable, in which shelters are delivered in small packaging to site and deployed, for example, a tent.…”

Section: Typologies and Visualization Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Participatory design in refugee camps: comparison of different methods and visualization tools

Albadra

Elamin

Adeyeye

et al. 2020

Building Research & Information

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Shelters for the displaced can suffer from socio-cultural incompatibility and significant levels of occupant dissatisfaction. Participatory design (PD) is known to help reduce such issues. This is the first study to investigate the effectiveness of different PD methods at engaging and capturing users' needs for shelter design in refugee camps. It also aimed to identify which visualization tools are best at: engaging participants; communicating designs (e.g. concept, size and materials); and facilitating proposing modifications. This is a particularly large study with 16 workshops and 161 participants. Two PD methods were deployed: (i) design-your-own (where refugees proposed their ideal shelter); (ii) adapt-a-design (where refugees evaluated and modified pre-existing shelter designs). The shelters in (ii) were presented using three visualization tools: computer models, physical prototypes and virtual reality. Design-your-own proved less engaging and led participants to produce designs similar to their existing shelters. Adapt-a-design stimulated more dialogue and was more informative. Physical prototypes facilitated engagement in shelter modifications, computer models proved least able to communicate concepts, while virtual reality was best at communicating scale and size.

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Toward healthy housing for the displaced

Cited by 50 publications

References 20 publications

An emerging tropical cyclone–deadly heat compound hazard

An emerging tropical cyclone–deadly heat compound hazard

Qualifying the Sustainability of Novel Designs and Existing Solutions for Post-Disaster and Post-Conflict Sheltering

Participatory design in refugee camps: comparison of different methods and visualization tools

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