Toward Improved Coefficients for Predicting Direct N2O Emissions from Soil in Canadian Agroecosystems

Helgason, Bobbi L.; Janzen, H. H.; Chantigny, Martin H.; Drury, C. F.; Ellert, B. H.; Gregorich, E.G.; Lemke, R.; Pattey, E.; Rochette, Philippe; Wagner-Riddle, Claudia

doi:10.1007/s10705-004-7358-y

Cited by 102 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…N 2 O emissions originating from sources other than soybean crop residue decomposition (i.e., soil N) have been estimated as 0.405 kg N ha −1 yr −1 (Helgason et al 2005). Most of the previous studies presented in Table 1 did not separately measure N 2 O emissions from residues and emissions from soil organic matter (background emissions).…”

Section: Nodule Decomposition In Soybeans and N 2 O Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the previous studies presented in Table 1 did not separately measure N 2 O emissions from residues and emissions from soil organic matter (background emissions). Thus, we assumed the background N 2 O emissions from the value reported by Helgason et al (2005) and from the measurement period. In Table 1, in the "Total N 2 O emissions" column, the values were expressed as "the cumulative N 2 O emissions from soil surface after the harvest minus the estimated background N 2 O emissions" using the value reported by Helgason et al (2005).…”

Section: Nodule Decomposition In Soybeans and N 2 O Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, we assumed the background N 2 O emissions from the value reported by Helgason et al (2005) and from the measurement period. In Table 1, in the "Total N 2 O emissions" column, the values were expressed as "the cumulative N 2 O emissions from soil surface after the harvest minus the estimated background N 2 O emissions" using the value reported by Helgason et al (2005). We believe it was valid to use this value because Helgason et al (2005) summarized N 2 O emissions from various soil types.…”

Section: Nodule Decomposition In Soybeans and N 2 O Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitigation of postharvest nitrous oxide emissions from soybean ecosystems: a review

Uchida

Akiyama

2013

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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In this review, the current knowledge of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) ecosystems, particularly on postharvest N 2 O emissions, is summarized and controlling factors of postharvest N 2 O emissions from soybean ecosystems are discussed. A new biological method to mitigate N 2 O emission is also presented. The latest (2006) guidelines of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that N 2 O emissions derived directly from biological nitrogen (N) fixation were not significant in legume crop ecosystems. The default N 2 O emission factor from biological N fixation was revised to zero, whereas the default N 2 O emission factor for the decomposition of legume crop residues (postharvest N 2 O emissions) was the same as that for nonlegume crop residues (1%). From previously measured field data, the percentage of N in soybean residue emitted as N 2 O after harvest was calculated to determine emission factors. Values ranged from 0.0-10.0% (average 1.3% ± 2.7%, median: 0.2%), indicating relatively low emission factors. The average emission factor calculated for N 2 O emissions from N in soybean residues was slightly higher than the default emission factor for N in crop residue specified in the guidelines. However, the volume of field-measured postharvest N 2 O emissions in soybean ecosystems is low compared with data for N 2 O emissions during the crop growing season. Previous field-measured data demonstrated that N 2 O emissions often peaked sharply immediately after the harvest. However, values for N 2 O fluxes in the currently available field data were determined on a weekly or monthly basis. This large time gap between samplings may have resulted in underestimation of postharvest N 2 O emissions in soybean ecosystems. More detailed field studies on postharvest N 2 O emissions from soybean ecosystems are needed. Nodule decomposition is the major source of postharvest N 2 O emissions in soybean ecosystems. A new microbiological method was recently developed to mitigate postharvest N 2 O emissions from soybean ecosystems utilizing N-fixing bacteria with increased N 2 O-reducing activity (increased expression of nosZ). This approach may potentially be applied to other leguminous crops and non-legume ecosystems. Ongoing research on the relationships between soil N 2 O emissions and nosZ may reveal a new method for N 2 O mitigation in the future.

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Section: Nodule Decomposition In Soybeans and N 2 O Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nodule Decomposition In Soybeans and N 2 O Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nodule Decomposition In Soybeans and N 2 O Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitigation of postharvest nitrous oxide emissions from soybean ecosystems: a review

Uchida

Akiyama

2013

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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“…Chatskikh and Olesen (2007) suggested that the greater N 2 O emissions under no-till treatments may be due to reduced gas diffusivity and air-filled porosity, often caused by high soil moisture, which favours the activity of denitrifying bacteria. Helgason et al (2005) analysed N 2 O emissions in Canada using over 400 datasets from a range of farming management regimes, including tillage practices, and found that no-till treatment increased N 2 O emissions in humid climates but decreased it in semiarid climates. In the USA, Six et al (2004) found that the conversion from conventional to no-till practice had a strong time dependency on N 2 O emissions in both humid and dry climates, demonstrating that greenhouse gas mitigation by adoption of no-till technology is much more variable and complex than previously considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tillage does not increase nitrous oxide emissions under dryland canola (Brassica napus L.) in a semiarid environment of south-eastern Australia

Li¹,

Conyers²,

Schwenke

et al. 2016

Soil Res.

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Abstract. Dryland cereal production systems of south-eastern Australia require viable options for reducing nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions without compromising productivity and profitability. A 4-year rotational experiment with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-canola (Brassica napus L.)-grain legumes-wheat in sequence was established at Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia, in a semiarid Mediterranean-type environment where long-term average annual rainfall is 541 mm and the incidence of summer rainfall is episodic and unreliable. The objectives of the experiment were to investigate whether (i) tillage increases N 2 O emissions and (ii) nitrogen (N) application can improve productivity without increasing N 2 O emissions. The base experimental design for each crop phase was a split-plot design with tillage treatment (tilled versus no-till) as the whole plot, and N fertiliser rate (0, 25, 50 and 100 kg N/ha) as the subplot, replicated three times. This paper reports high resolution N 2 O emission data under a canola crop. The daily N 2 O emission rate averaged 0.55 g N 2 O-N/ha. day, ranging between -0.81 and 6.71 g N 2 O-N/ha.day. The annual cumulative N 2 O-N emitted was 175.6 and 224.3 g N 2 O-N/ha under 0 and 100 kg N/ha treatments respectively. There was no evidence to support the first hypothesis that tillage increases N 2 O emissions, a result which may give farmers more confidence to use tillage strategically to manage weeds and diseases where necessary. However, increasing N fertiliser rate tended to increase N 2 O emissions, but did not increase crop production at this site.

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“…VWC and WFP for the Lower Longley, Lucaston and the inter-row at Young showed an atypical significant negative (weak) influence on N 2 O emissions. Elevated emissions are linked to WFP > 60% (Chantigny et al 1998;Helgason et al 2005) and VWC > 0.55 cm 3 cm -3 (van der Weerden et al 2012), conditions rarely seen in the orchards during the study period. For these sites, during winter when WFP and VWC were highest, soil temperatures were extremely low and accounted for the negative correlation observed and the moderately negative correlation between VWC and N 2 O emissions in winter (r = -0.506).…”

Section: Temporal and Spatial Variability Of N 2 O Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benchmarking nitrous oxide emissions in deciduous tree cropping systems

Swarts

Montagu²,

Oliver

et al. 2016

Soil Res.

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Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions contribute 6% of the global warming effect and are derived from the activity of soil-based microorganisms involved in nitrification and denitrification processes. There is a paucity of greenhouse gas emissions data for Australia's horticulture industry. In this study we investigated N 2 O flux from two deciduous fruit tree crops, apples and cherries, in two predominant growing regions in eastern Australia, the Huon Valley in southern Tasmania (Lucaston -apples and Lower Longley -cherries), and high altitude northern New South Wales (Orange -apples and Young -cherries). Estimated from manual chamber measurements over a 12-month period, average daily emissions were very low ranging from 0.78 g N 2 O-N ha -1 day -1 in the apple orchard at Lucaston to 1.86 g N 2 O-N ha -1 day -1 in the cherry orchard in Lower Longley. Daily emissions were up to 50% higher in summer (maximum 5.27 g N 2 O-N ha -1 day -1 at Lower Longley) than winter (maximum 2.47 g N 2 O-N ha -1 day -1 at Young) across the four trial orchards. N 2 O emissions were~40% greater in the inter-row than the tree line for each orchard. Daily flux rates were used as a loss estimate for annual emissions, which ranged from 298 g N 2 O-N ha -1 year -1 at Lucaston to 736 g N 2 O-N ha -1 year -1 at Lower Longley. Emissions were poorly correlated with soil temperature, volumetric water content, water filled porosity, gravimetric water content and matric potential -with inconsistent patterns between sites, within the tree line and inter-row and between seasons. Stepwise linear regression models for the Lucaston site accounted for less than 10% of the variance in N 2 O emissions, for which soil temperature was the strongest predictor. N 2 O emissions in deciduous tree crops were among the lowest recorded for Australian agriculture, most likely due to low rates of N fertiliser, cool temperate growing conditions and highly efficient drip irrigation systems. We recommend that optimising nutrient use efficiency with improved drainage and a reduction in soil compaction in the inter-row will facilitate further mitigation of N 2 O emissions.

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Toward Improved Coefficients for Predicting Direct N2O Emissions from Soil in Canadian Agroecosystems

Cited by 102 publications

References 66 publications

Mitigation of postharvest nitrous oxide emissions from soybean ecosystems: a review

Mitigation of postharvest nitrous oxide emissions from soybean ecosystems: a review

Tillage does not increase nitrous oxide emissions under dryland canola (Brassica napus L.) in a semiarid environment of south-eastern Australia

Benchmarking nitrous oxide emissions in deciduous tree cropping systems

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