Toward improved health: disaggregating Asian American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander data

Srinivasan, Shobha; Guillermo, Tessie

doi:10.2105/ajph.90.11.1731

Cited by 212 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Pacific Islanders are underrepresented in all types of health research [7–11]. Furthermore, much of the existing research aggregates data on Pacific Islanders and Asian Americans, obscuring the substantial differences between these subgroups [9–12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes and Hypertension in Marshallese Adults: Results from Faith-Based Health Screenings

McElfish

Rowland

Long

et al. 2016

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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Background The Pacific Islander population in the United States is growing rapidly. However, research on Pacific Islanders in the US is limited, or sometimes misleading due to aggregation with Asian Americans. This project seeks to add to the dearth of health literature by conducting a health assessment of Marshallese in northwest Arkansas. Methods Using a community-based participatory research approach, nine health screening events were conducted at local Marshallese churches. Participants completed the Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance Survey core questionnaire and diabetes module if applicable. Biometric data, including Hemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, and body mass index, was gathered by an interprofessional team. Results 401 participants completed health screenings. High proportions of diabetes, obesity, and hypertension were found. A high percentage of participants were uninsured, and multiple barriers to health care were found within the sample. Discussion This project represents one of the first broad health assessments of Pacific Islanders in the US. Proportions of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and uninsured found in the sample are much higher than national proportions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes and Hypertension in Marshallese Adults: Results from Faith-Based Health Screenings

McElfish

Rowland

Long

et al. 2016

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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“…By the year 2050 there will be 33.4 million Asian Americans representing a 213% population increase compared to a 49% increase for the rest of the nation [2]. Besides being the fastest growing racial group in percentage terms [3], Asian Americans are quite heterogeneous reflecting more than 50 countries of origin, 200 languages or dialects spoken, and multiple cultural traditions that defy a “one size fits all” characterization [4]. Prior to 2000 a majority of national health surveys classified Asians as “other race” or combined Asians with Pacific Islanders and reported data in the aggregate [5-6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes Prevalence and Risk Factors in Four Asian American Communities

2016

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Objective To estimate the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes and the risk associated with BMI above the Asian cut-point of 23 in 4 Asian American communities. Research Design and Methods In a convenience sample of 981 Chinese, Hmong, Korean, and Vietnamese Americans in Sacramento County, California we measured hemoglobin A1c (HbAlc), height, weight, and waist circumference. Diabetes was defined as self-reported diabetes diagnosis or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, and pre-diabetes as HbAlc 5.7%-6.4% with no diabetes diagnosis. We computed age-standardized prevalence of diabetes, pre-diabetes, and BMI and waist circumference above standard and Asian cut-points, and developed multivariable models of the association of diabetes and pre-diabetes with BMI and waist circumference. Results The 4 ethnic groups differed substantially with respect to diabetes prevalence, BMI, and waist circumference. Hmong had the highest prevalence of diabetes (15.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 10.7%-19.4%). Diabetes and pre-diabetes were associated with BMI ≥ 25 (diabetes: odds ratio [OR] =3.4, 95% CI 2.1-5.7; pre-diabetes: OR=4.0, 95% CI 2.7-5.8) or between 23 and 25 (diabetes: OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.0-3.1; pre-diabetes: OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.0-2.4). When waist circumference was added to the model, BMI effects were attenuated, and waist circumference ≥ 40 inches (men) or ≥ 35 inches (women) was associated with increased risk of diabetes (OR=3.2, 95% CI 1.6-6.2) and pre-diabetes (OR=1.7, 95% CI 1.0-2.9). Conclusions Our findings support the use of a BMI cut-point of 23 and the importance of central adiposity as a risk factor for diabetes in Asians. Diabetes risk reduction interventions for Asians are essential.

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“…In this population-based analysis, we leveraged linked birth and CPS records to examine risk of CPS report during the first 5 years of life among API children in California by maternal nativity and ethnic origin, information that is not typically captured in CPS records alone. This study represents a significant contribution to the literature given the relative invisibility of and need for disaggregated data on API groups in research (Srinivasan & Guillermo, 2000). Findings highlight variability in the characteristics that define API children in California.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A birth cohort study of Asian and Pacific Islander children reported for abuse or neglect by maternal nativity and ethnic origin

Finno-Velasquez

Palmer

Prindle

et al. 2017

Child Abuse & Neglect

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Research identifying racial and ethnic disparities in child protective services (CPS) involvement in the U.S. has focused on the overrepresentation of Black children and the growing Latino child population. Little attention has been paid to children of Asian origin, the most underrepresented group of children in the U.S. CPS system. The objective of this analysis was to examine subgroup patterns of CPS involvement in California for Asian and Pacific Islander (API) children prospectively based on maternal nativity and ethnic origin. We extracted data for API children born in California in 2006 and 2007 (N = 138,858) from population-based birth records and linked those records to CPS records spanning the first 5 years of life (through 2012). We assessed distributional differences in risk indicators for the full birth cohort of API children and calculated a summary risk variable representing the cumulative number of risks present at birth. Generalized linear models were used to estimate API children’s adjusted relative risk of CPS report by subgroup. Overall, 12.2% of children born in California in the 2006–2007 birth cohort were API. The majority of API children had foreign-born mothers (80.9%). Children of U.S.-born Hawaiian, Guamanian, or Samoan mothers had the highest rate, with 20.4% being reported to CPS by their 5th birthday. The lowest rates of child abuse and neglect reporting were observed among children of foreign-born Asian Indian (2.5%), Korean (2.7%), and Chinese (2.8%) mothers, compared to 5.4% of all Asian and Pacific Islander children, and 14.8% of children in general population. Findings underscore the presence of disparities in CPS involvement among API children, which has implications for health and well-being across the life course and for targeted maltreatment prevention strategies.

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Toward improved health: disaggregating Asian American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander data

Cited by 212 publications

References 19 publications

Diabetes and Hypertension in Marshallese Adults: Results from Faith-Based Health Screenings

Diabetes and Hypertension in Marshallese Adults: Results from Faith-Based Health Screenings

Diabetes Prevalence and Risk Factors in Four Asian American Communities

A birth cohort study of Asian and Pacific Islander children reported for abuse or neglect by maternal nativity and ethnic origin

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