Toward practical solar hydrogen production – an artificial photosynthetic leaf-to-farm challenge

Kim, Jin Hyun; Hansora, Dharmesh; Sharma, Pankaj; Jang, Ji‐Wook; Lee, Jin Ho

doi:10.1039/c8cs00699g

Cited by 960 publications

(770 citation statements)

References 257 publications

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Section: Z‐scheme Photocatalyst Sheets: Scaling Up Of Leaf‐to‐treementioning

confidence: 99%

“…On top of that, special consideration has to be focused on the construction of scaled up device. Overall efficiency loss associated with the increase in Ohmic resistance and formation of spatial defects is inevitable during the scaling up process 3. Thus, future direction in the development of particulate Z‐scheme photocatalyst sheets should focus on addressing these challenges.…”

Section: Z‐scheme Photocatalyst Sheets: Scaling Up Of Leaf‐to‐treementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly, solar energy displayed the highest annual capacity increment of 31.3%, which is accounted to 99 GW from 2015 to 2016 2. The highly abundant energy from the Sun (173 000 TW) is an unexploited resource, and in this regard, scientists have begun to take advantage of this inexhaustible energy source 3. The versatility of solar energy conversion into different forms of energy, for instance, electricity from solar photovoltaic (PV) and heat from concentrating solar thermal power (CSP) have gained incessant attention worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Z‐Scheme Photocatalytic Systems for Solar Water Splitting

et al. 2020

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As the world decides on the next giant step for the renewable energy revolution, scientists have begun to reinforce their headlong dives into the exploitation of solar energy. Hitherto, numerous attempts are made to imitate the natural photosynthesis of plants by converting solar energy into chemical fuels which resembles the “Z‐scheme” process. A recreation of this system is witnessed in artificial Z‐scheme photocatalytic water splitting to generate hydrogen (H2). This work outlines the recent significant implication of the Z‐scheme system in photocatalytic water splitting, particularly in the role of electron mediator and the key factors that improve the photocatalytic performance. The Review begins with the fundamental rationales in Z‐scheme water splitting, followed by a survey on the development roadmap of three different generations of Z‐scheme system: 1) PS‐A/D‐PS (first generation), 2) PS‐C‐PS (second generation), and 3) PS‐PS (third generation). Focus is also placed on the scaling up of the “leaf‐to‐tree” challenge of Z‐scheme water splitting system, which is also known as Z‐scheme photocatalyst sheet. A detailed investigation of the Z‐scheme system for achieving H2 evolution from past to present accompanied with in‐depth discussion on the key challenges in the area of Z‐scheme photocatalytic water splitting are provided.

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Section: Z‐scheme Photocatalyst Sheets: Scaling Up Of Leaf‐to‐treementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Z‐scheme Photocatalyst Sheets: Scaling Up Of Leaf‐to‐treementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Z‐Scheme Photocatalytic Systems for Solar Water Splitting

et al. 2020

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“…In this flourishing field, numerous reviews have been published on differenta spects, such as materials, [5][6][7][8] protection strategies, [9][10][11] and practical applications. [12,13] Reviews on oxide photoelectrodes (PEs) are among them,w hich focus on photocathodes, materials, and cocatalysts, [6,7,14,15] whereas this review intends to sort the most recent progress in oxide PEs by cell configurations, which are defined by charge-separationt ypes. An abbreviated terminology for the facilitated description of various PEC types is introduced herein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directly Photoexcited Oxides for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

2019

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PE/RE/CE potentiostatic cell with PE as aworking electrode, RE, and CE PE-DE PE externally connected to aDE PE-PE n-type PE externally connected to ap -typeP E PE :PE monolithic assembly of back-to-back connectedn -and p-PE DE 1 -(p-n) EXT -DE 2 externalp -n diodec onnected to ad ark cathode and anode DE 1 -[(p-n) m ] EXT -DE 2 externalb attery of m identical p-n diodes connectedt oadark cathodea nd anode DE 1 :(p-n):DE 2 immersed p-n diode with superposed wireless dark cathode andanode layers DE 1 -(p-n):PE immersed p-n diode with as uperposed liquid-junction PE and DE DE 1 :[(p-n)(p-n)"]-DE 2 immersed battery of two different p-n diodes DE 1 -(p-n):PE immersed p-n diode with as uperposed liquid-junction PE and aw ired DE DE1-(DSSC) EXT -PE externalD SSC connected to PE and CE [a] RE:reference electrode. CE:c ounter electrodeinapotentiostatic cell. DSSC:d ye-sensitized solar cell.[a] L. Pan, Dr.N .V lachopoulos,P rof. A. Hagfeldt

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“…[12] Since the energy of UV light takes up a relatively low fraction of the whole solar spectrum, the theoretical efficiency of TiO 2 for PEC water splitting is not sufficient for practical solar-to-chemical energy conversion systems. [13,14] To address this issue, Fe 2 TiO 5 has been selected to build heterostructures with TiO 2 . [15] The narrow band gap of Fe 2 TiO 5 , which is about 2.2 eV, ensures the absorption and utilization of visible (Vis) light.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Heterostructured Fe₂TiO₅–TiO₂ Nanocages with Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance for Solar Energy Conversion

Zhang

Luan

et al. 2020

Angewandte Chemie

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Photocatalysts with well-designed compositions and structures are desirable for achieving highly efficient solar-tochemical energy conversion. Heterostructured semiconductor photocatalysts with advanced hollow structures possess beneficial features for promoting the activity towards photocatalytic reactions. Here we develop a facile synthetic strategy for the fabrication of Fe 2 TiO 5 -TiO 2 nanocages (NCs) as anode materials in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting cells. A hydrothermal reaction is performed to transform MIL-125(Ti) nanodisks (NDs) to Ti-Fe-O NCs, which are further converted to Fe 2 TiO 5 -TiO 2 NCs through a post annealing process. Owing to the compositional and structural advantages, the heterostructured Fe 2 TiO 5 -TiO 2 NCs show enhanced performance for PEC water oxidation compared with TiO 2 NDs, Fe 2 TiO 5 nanoparticles (NPs) and Fe 2 TiO 5 -TiO 2 NPs. Thefast-increasingenergydemandandenvironmentalissuescaused by the consumption of traditional fossil fuels urge the development of renewable energy sources. [1,2] Among different types of clean energy, the solar energy is considered to be promising. [3] Solar energy possesses the advantages of inexhaustibility, universality, high capacity and environmental benignancy, while the decentralized and intermittent nature of insolation is still a great challenge for its practical applications. [4,5] An effective solution for this problem is to convert solar energy to the forms that are flexible for end consumptions. [6,7] For instance, photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for the production of hydrogen and oxygen could convert solar energy into chemical bonds. [8] These products of the photocatalytic processes can be used in many applications, such as industrial reactions, fuel cells and aviation. [9] Since the efficiency of a PEC water splitting cell is mainly affected by the photocatalytic activity of the electrode materials, it is essential to design photocatalysts with high performance, low cost and long-term stability. [10] TiO 2 has been widely studied as one of the most important photocatalysts for several decades due to the high activity and stability. [11] With the relatively large band gap of 3.0-3.2 eV, most TiO 2 photocatalysts could only utilize the ultraviolet (UV) part of the solar spectrum. [12] Since the energy of UV light takes up a relatively low fraction of the whole solar spectrum, the theoretical efficiency of TiO 2 for PEC water splitting is not sufficient for practical solar-to-chemical energy conversion systems. [13,14] To address this issue, Fe 2 TiO 5 has been selected to build heterostructures with TiO 2 . [15] The narrow band gap of Fe 2 TiO 5 , which is about 2.2 eV, ensures the absorption and utilization of visible (Vis) light. At the same time, Fe 2 TiO 5 has suitable band edge positions and appropriate atomic structures to realize both the water oxidation reaction and the fast charge separation/transfer within Fe 2 TiO 5 -TiO 2 heterostructures. Therefore, high-efficiency PEC water splitting cells would be...

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Toward practical solar hydrogen production – an artificial photosynthetic leaf-to-farm challenge

Abstract: This review provides insight into the different aspects and challenges associated with the realization of sustainable solar hydrogen production systems on a practical large scale.

Cited by 960 publications

References 257 publications

Z‐Scheme Photocatalytic Systems for Solar Water Splitting

Z‐Scheme Photocatalytic Systems for Solar Water Splitting

Directly Photoexcited Oxides for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Fabrication of Heterostructured Fe₂TiO₅–TiO₂ Nanocages with Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance for Solar Energy Conversion

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Toward practical solar hydrogen production – an artificial photosynthetic leaf-to-farm challenge

Abstract: This review provides insight into the different aspects and challenges associated with the realization of sustainable solar hydrogen production systems on a practical large scale.

Cited by 960 publications

References 257 publications

Z‐Scheme Photocatalytic Systems for Solar Water Splitting

Z‐Scheme Photocatalytic Systems for Solar Water Splitting

Directly Photoexcited Oxides for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Fabrication of Heterostructured Fe2TiO5–TiO2 Nanocages with Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance for Solar Energy Conversion

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Product

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About

Fabrication of Heterostructured Fe₂TiO₅–TiO₂ Nanocages with Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance for Solar Energy Conversion