“…The model of the traffic simulation is based on IBM Megaffic (Osogami, Imamichi, Mizuta, Morimura, Raymond, Suzumura, Takahashi, and Ide 2012, Osogami, Imamichi, Mizuta, Suzumura, and Ide 2013, Suzumura, Kato, Imamichi, Takeuchi, Kanezashi, Ide, and Onodera 2012 and SCATTER (Perumalla 2006, Yoginath andPerumalla 2008), where traffic systems are represented as discrete event systems. The individual vehicles' behavior is based on Megaffic, where a vehicle's track of junctions from origin to destination is all fixed before execution by estimation with some defined behavior model, for example, shortest path or minimum hops of junctions.…”