Toward the Development of a Lab-on-a-Chip Dual-Function Leukocyte and C-Reactive Protein Analysis Method for the Assessment of Inflammation and Cardiac Risk

Use of Saliva-Based Nano-Biochip Tests for Acute Myocardial Infarction at the Point of Care: A Feasibility Study

“…Just as in the initial biomarker validation phases, our LOC studies also document measurable signal differences in protein fingerprint patterns of these 2 patient groups. Bead-based immunoassay systems display strong analytical performance characteristics (typical intraassay variance of 4%-8% and interassay variance of 6%-10%) (26,27,31 ). Correlation studies completed with FDAapproved instruments for serum CRP yield R 2 values of 0.98.…”

“…Design, fabrication, and testing methods for LOC structures have been described in detail in previous reports (23,24,26,27,30,31 ). New modifications to procedures and methods for multiplexed AMI diagnosis are described in the Supplemental Data section (see Lab-on-aChip (LOC) Multiplexed Test in Supplemental Materials in the Data Supplement that accompanies the online version of this article at http://www.clinchem.org/content/ vol55/issue8]).…”

“…Through the last decade, our team has made sustained efforts to combine and adapt lab-on-a-chip (LOC), microfluidic, microelectromechanical systems and nano-biochip tools for practical implementation of highly sensitive and accurate miniaturized sensors that are suitable for variety of important applications, including multiplex analysis of minute amounts of bioanalytes in serum and saliva (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). These integrated test systems can complete all aspects of sample processing and separation and analyte detection and are amenable to POC applications.…”

Programmable Bio-NanoChip Technology for the Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease at the Point of Care

“…to this end, we have combined the bead-based and membrane-based P-BnC platforms to provide a dual-function CrP and white blood cell cardiac risk measurement tool, thus making the P-BnC the only PoC system amenable for the combined measurement of both cellular and proteomic biomarkers of cardiac risk. [29][30][31] our initial cross-sectional biomarker discovery study also demonstrated the potential utility for ctni as a salivary biomarker of aMi despite its low concentration in this biological fluid. it must be noted that an essential prerequisite for the successful implementation of this biomarker in PoC practice, whether in needle-prick-derived whole blood or saliva, depends on the availability of an ultra-sensitive method for its measurement.…”

Salivary biomarkers associated with myocardial necrosis: results from an alcohol septal ablation model

“…Whole saliva derives additional constituents from serum, gingival crevicular fluid and oral mucosal transudate, making it appealing as a potential diagnostic fluid reflective of circulating levels in blood. 1 Several studies report systemic biomarkers appearing in saliva including electrolytes, 2, 3 blood products, 4 enzymes and tissue destruction molecules, 5–9 inflammatory markers, 10–16 as well as proteins putatively associated with deadly diseases. 17–21 However, the clinical utility of salivary diagnostics for the assessment of systemic disease remains elusive.…”