Toward Trash That Thinks: Product Tags for Environmental Management

Abstract

Keywords SummaryIn this article, we explore several options for linking information technology to materials and products through the use of bar codes and radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags, and the implications for product life-cycle management. We also describe tests with existing and modified tags, both on and inside products, as would be needed for environmental management applications.Bar codes are cheap and have an existing infrastructure; RFID tags are more expensive and less widespread, but they can be read without a line of sight between the tag and the reader. Bar codes and RFID tags carrying basic product information could link to different databases for a range of applications. Product tags could increase recycling efficiency by automating the sorting of recyclables or by linking to product dismantling instructions during the recycling process. Product tags could provide incentives for good waste management, through Universal Product Code (UPC) bar-code recycling coupons or through RFID tag automatic recycling credits for curbside collection programs. Measures to encourage the development of these types of applications include moves toward competitive, market-based waste management systems, the encouragement of experimental systems, and coordination between manufacturers and waste management industries.

Extended producer responsibility in a non-OECD context: The management of waste electrical and electronic equipment in India

“…From a broader perspective, a crucial issue is how to discontinue the growth of historical products by distinguishing them from new products. This can be achieved through, for example, the use of simple or more advanced product tags such as bar codes and radio-frequency identifi cation (Saar, and Thomas 2003) and sorting. In cases of simple visual labelling, it is advisable for each EPR programme to have a distinct symbol to avoid inter-programme fraud.…”

Smart steel: new paradigms for the reuse of steel enabled by digital tracking and modelling

“…In this regard, Saar and Thomas (2002) ask: 'what is the relation between the environment and digital futures? Surely IT could make product recycling and life-cycle management easier and cheaper?'…”

Research issues on closed-loop PLM

“…EOL starts from the time when a product no longer satisfies an initial purchaser [58]. In the closed-loop PLM, the PEID can greatly increase the effectiveness of EOL management, as Saar and Thomas [59] and Hans et al [60] mentioned. For example, material recycling can be significantly improved because recyclers and re-users can obtain accurate information about ''value parts and materials'' arriving via EOL routes: what materials they contain, who manufactured them, and other knowledge that facilitates material reuse [61].…”