Toward using effective elements in adults’ amblyopia treatment in a virtual reality-based gamified binocular application

Khaleghi, Ali; Aghaei, Zahra; Hosseinnia, Fateme

doi:10.1016/j.entcom.2022.100504

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Google Cardboard was used by Vichitvejpaisal & Chotine, 51 and the research team of Saraiva, 46 , 47 while VR viewers from Samsung, Shinecon, Oculus, and Zeiss were used in several other research studies. 13 , 50 , 59 , 60 , 62 , 63 , 66 , 67 , 69 , 71 , 72 , 80 , 89 I- BiT™ system was frequently used (6/48, 12.50%) in the treatment of amblyopia and strabismus. Eastgate et al, 83 Waddingham et al, 84 Cleary et al, 86 Herbison et al, 87 Herbison et al, 88 and Rajavi et al 49 employed I-BiT™ system in amblyopic and strabismic therapy and found the approach effective in the treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With a fully immersive VR system, game-based design was used in most studies while shooting games were commonly programed in the VR game design (20/48, 41.67%). Žiak et al, 16 Elias et al, 13 Esfahlani et al, 52 Hurd et al, 53 Kim and Oh, 62 Godinez et al, 48 Halička et al, 55 Khaleghi et al, 59 and Rajavi et al 50 developed VR shooting games with different scenarios for amblyopia, strabismus, and myopia studies. Other non-shooting games for amblyopia included photo hunt games, 51 escape room games, 63 response games, 71 , 72 and matching games.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and assessment of amblyopia, strabismus, and myopia treatment and vision training using virtual reality

et al. 2023

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Background Virtual reality is a relatively new intervention that has the potential to be used in the treatment of eye and vision problems. This article reviews the use of virtual reality-related interventions in amblyopia, strabismus, and myopia research. Methods Sources covered in the review included 48 peer-reviewed research published between January 2000 and January 2023 from five electronic databases (ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science). To prevent any missing relevant articles, the keywords, and terms used in the search included “VR”, “virtual reality”, “amblyopia”, “strabismus,” and “myopia”. Quality assessment and data extraction were performed independently by two authors to form a narrative synthesis to summarize findings from the included research. Results Total number of 48 references were reviewed. There were 31 studies published on amblyopia, 18 on strabismus, and 6 on myopia, with 7 studies overlapping amblyopia and strabismus. In terms of technology, smartphone-based virtual reality headset viewers were utilized more often in amblyopia research, but commercial standalone virtual reality headsets were used more frequently in myopia and strabismus-related research. The software and virtual environment were mostly developed based on vision therapy and dichoptic training paradigms. Conclusion It has been suggested that virtual reality technology offers a potentially effective tool for amblyopia, strabismus, and myopia studies. Nonetheless, a variety of factors, especially the virtual environment and systems employed in the data presented, must be explored before determining whether virtual reality can be effectively applied in clinical settings. This review is significant as the technology in virtual reality software and application design features have been investigated and considered for future reference.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and assessment of amblyopia, strabismus, and myopia treatment and vision training using virtual reality

et al. 2023

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“…Spatial and temporal resolutions have already improved substantially in consumer headsets, and motion sickness and discomfort have been substantially reduced. A recent article suggests that heuristic evaluation by experts and users may be a useful tool for evaluating the potential of the application of ER for testing and treating binocular anomalies ( Khaleghi, Aghaei, & Hosseinnia, 2022 ). The introduction of accurate eye tracking adds an important new dimension for measuring and treating binocular anomalies.…”

Section: Where Do We Go From Here?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications and implications for extended reality to improve binocular vision and stereopsis

Levi

2023

Journal of Vision

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Extended reality (XR) devices, including virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) devices, are immersive technologies that can swap or merge the natural environment with virtual content (e.g., videogames, movies, or other content). Although these devices are widely used for playing videogames and other applications, they have one distinct feature that makes them potentially very useful for the measurement and treatment of binocular vision anomalies—they can deliver different content to the two eyes simultaneously. Indeed, horizontally shifting the images in the two eyes (thereby creating binocular disparity) can provide the user with a compelling percept of depth through stereopsis. Because these devices are stereoscopic, they can also be used as high-tech synoptophores, in which the images to the two eyes differ in contrast, luminance, size, position, and content for measuring and treating binocular anomalies. The inclusion of eye tracking in VR adds an additional dimension to its utility in measuring and treating binocular vision anomalies, as well as other conditions. This paper describes the essential requirements for testing and treating binocular anomalies and reviews current studies in which XR devices have been used to measure and treat binocular vision anomalies.

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“…In practical settings, the majority of researchers who have already deemed the research of VR intervention strategies for neurological and vision disorders have focused on describing the short-and long-term side effects of their use and on recreating various performance tests to attempt to identify psychological and social problems or associated impairments (7), on the other hand, few researchers have only considered the study of VR interventions for neurological and vision disorders (8). These researchers have examined a number of solutions for treating neurological disorders and vision impairment, including the use of various types of commonly produced head-mounted displays (HMDs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VR may improve a patient's binocular vision, eye-to-eye coordination, cognitive ability, and motor limitations. A good treatment for eye sufferers, according to Khaleghi et al ( 9 ), is to use a VR environment and a filter that dims the patient's vision in their healthy eye and shifts the focus of their vision to the damaged eye. Many experts predict that VR will be the next mass-market platform taking the place of PCs, laptops, and mobile phones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review: Virtual-reality-based techniques for human exercises and health improvement

Ali

Wang

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a new safe and efficient tool for the rehabilitation of many childhood and adulthood illnesses. VR-based therapies have the potential to improve both motor and functional skills in a wide range of age groups through cortical reorganization and the activation of various neuronal connections. Recently, the potential for using serious VR-based games that combine perceptual learning and dichoptic stimulation has been explored for the rehabilitation of ophthalmological and neurological disorders. In ophthalmology, several clinical studies have demonstrated the ability to use VR training to enhance stereopsis, contrast sensitivity, and visual acuity. The use of VR technology provides a significant advantage in training each eye individually without requiring occlusion or penalty. In neurological disorders, the majority of patients undergo recurrent episodes (relapses) of neurological impairment, however, in a few cases (60–80%), the illness progresses over time and becomes chronic, consequential in cumulated motor disability and cognitive deficits. Current research on memory restoration has been spurred by theories about brain plasticity and findings concerning the nervous system's capacity to reconstruct cellular synapses as a result of interaction with enriched environments. Therefore, the use of VR training can play an important role in the improvement of cognitive function and motor disability. Although there are several reviews in the community employing relevant Artificial Intelligence in healthcare, VR has not yet been thoroughly examined in this regard. In this systematic review, we examine the key ideas of VR-based training for prevention and control measurements in ocular diseases such as Myopia, Amblyopia, Presbyopia, and Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Epilepsy and Autism spectrum disorder. This review highlights the fundamentals of VR technologies regarding their clinical research in healthcare. Moreover, these findings will raise community awareness of using VR training and help researchers to learn new techniques to prevent and cure different diseases. We further discuss the current challenges of using VR devices, as well as the future prospects of human training.

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Toward using effective elements in adults’ amblyopia treatment in a virtual reality-based gamified binocular application

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Design and assessment of amblyopia, strabismus, and myopia treatment and vision training using virtual reality

Design and assessment of amblyopia, strabismus, and myopia treatment and vision training using virtual reality

Applications and implications for extended reality to improve binocular vision and stereopsis

A systematic review: Virtual-reality-based techniques for human exercises and health improvement

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