Towards a balanced approach to identifying conflicts of interest faced by institutional review boards

Kaur, Sharon; Balan, Sujata

doi:10.1007/s11017-015-9339-3

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This is consistent with the view put forward by Erde,11 and Kaur and Balan,12 who refute the notion that economic incentives are the sole cause of COIs 11 12. For example, Erde’s conceptualisation of COI takes into account non-financial interests, including practical concerns, such as a professional’s concern for their safety, emotional resources and time constraints; ideals, such as religious beliefs or professional indoctrination and predilections (ie, the disposition to value something negatively or positively) such as the fear of a particular outcome or those arising from relationships (eg, friendship or rivalry) 11.…”

Section: Defining Interests and Coissupporting

confidence: 90%

Dangers of neglecting non-financial conflicts of interest in health and medicine

2017

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Non-financial interests, and the conflicts of interest that may result from them, are frequently overlooked in biomedicine. This is partly due to the complex and varied nature of these interests, and the limited evidence available regarding their prevalence and impact on biomedical research and clinical practice. We suggest that there are no meaningful conceptual distinctions, and few practical differences, between financial and non-financial conflicts of interest, and accordingly, that both require careful consideration. Further, a better understanding of the complexities of non-financial conflicts of interest, and their entanglement with financial conflicts of interest, may assist in the development of a more sophisticated approach to all forms of conflicts of interest. IntroductionThe issue of "conflict of interest" (COI) in biomedicine is an enduring one, characterised by ongoing-and often heated-debates about what "counts" as an interest or conflict of interest, what (if anything) causes a COI, who (if anyone) is to blame; and how (if at all) COIs should be managed. Overwhelmingly, these debates have focused on financial interests and the COIs that may arise from them -as evident in a recent issue of JAMA dedicated to COIs in medicine. Of over 24 articles, only two articles addressed non-financial interests in depth (1, 2) -with one article dismissing non-financial COI, and reiterating the significance of bias arising from financial COI. (1, 2) While several articles acknowledged the presence, (3) and potentially problematic nature of non-financial COI, (1) (4) for the most part, the issue focused on financial COI across different medical settings -including biomedical research, medical education and guideline development. (5, 6) (7, 8) This focus on financial COI reflects the wider discourse within medicine -in which financial COIs are granted primacy, while non-financial COIs are merely acknowledged and dismissed as too complex to warrant further investigation, or alternatively defined out of existence. (2,9)

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Section: Defining Interests and Coissupporting

confidence: 90%

Dangers of neglecting non-financial conflicts of interest in health and medicine

2017

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“…Most authors have argued there is no meaningful conceptual and few practical differences between financial and nonfinancial COIs [12]. The two are often intertwined, influential, and require similar management [13,14]. Other authors have suggested that nonfinancial interests are virtually always present and should be considered an interest but not necessarily a conflict [15].…”

Section: Non-financialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical Considerations (Conflict of Interest, Surgical Innovation, and End of Life)

Buie

MacLean

2021

The ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal Surgery

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Conflict of interest can take many forms-each are critical to understanding, addressing, and disclosing. • Reporting conflict of interest can affect study outcomes. • Introduction of new technologies into practice needs to balance progression of the field of medicine versus placing patients at undue and unnecessary risk. • Providing excellent and ethical end-of-life care requires attention to three principles: effective communication, accurate prognostication, and sound decision-making. Only one rule in surgical ethics need concern you: that action on your part which best conserves the interests of your patient. Martin H. Fischer (1879-1962) Conflict of Interest in Surgical ResearchConflict of interest (COI) is common within the surgical literature but is neither consistently acknowledged nor transparently reported. COI exists when "professional judgement concerning a primary interest (such as a patients' welfare or validity in research) may be influenced by a secondary interest (such as financial gain)" [1][2][3][4][5]. Researchers are obliged to identify and mitigate the effect of all sources of bias, including COI. While it may be impossible to completely avoid COI, it must be dealt with transparently. This section will explore individual COI as it applies to surgical research including classification, effect on outcomes, reporting, management strategies, relationship to the peer review process, and future directions.

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“…Pharmaceutical companies have, therefore, used different marketing tools to draw physicians' attention to pharmaceutical products and influence the decisions made regarding adopting and using these products [14]. Some of the traditional marketing tools that pharmaceutical companies have used include product promotions, price, differentiation, and other incentives [15]. Some of the promotional techniques that pharmaceutical companies have used to maximize their profit margins are informed by two factors: the need to promote specific drugs; and the need to enhance company reputation through stronger relations with physicians [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an effective way of promoting specific drugs, companies use drug advertisements mainly in formularies and medical journals. Other promotional tools used include presentation on new drugs at workshops and conferences, sending direct mails to physicians, sending MRs, and giving physicians free samples to distribute to patients [15]. One of the common approaches is the use of MRs, with the largest portion of the pharmaceutical budget for drug promotions being spent on this [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides the information provided orally by the MRs, they also give expensive gifts, such as buying dinners or lunches when they visit, or even more exclusive and lucrative gifts, such as event tickets, electronic devices, sponsored travel, meals and vacations for families, educational seminars, honorariums to promote the product at events, and funding for research projects [19]. Compared to investment in research and development, pharmaceutical companies place a high value on product promotion and marketing techniques [15]. In most cases, these companies spend a large proportion of their resources targeting physicians to increase their market share and profitability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Promotion of Prescription Drugs and Its Impact on Physician's Choice Behavior

Alowi¹,

Kani²

2019

J Pharma Care Health Sys

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Aims to determine the most effective promotional tools putatively influencing physicians' prescription behavior by examining five commonly-used promotional tools: sales promotions; advertising; public relations; direct marketing; and personal selling. Specifically aims to evaluate which medical practitioners' demographic factors influence the relationship between the various promotional tools and physicians' prescription behavior.Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional research design is proposed, based on the stimulusorganism-response (S-O-R) paradigm, in which the data is to be collected through questionnaires completed by physicians in Sudan, using a five-point Likert scale. Structural equation modeling, using AMOS statistical software, is proposed to analyze the data.Findings: A detailed literature review reveals that most previous research has largely ignored demographic factors when studying the effectiveness of the promotional tools used by pharmaceutical companies. Therefore, a novel methodology is proposed to incorporate these factors into future research. Practical implications:The anticipated results will help pharmaceutical companies formulate better strategies regarding the use of promotional tools to maximize their investment.Originality/value: Inadequate knowledge of factors and tools that are likely to influence the sale of drugs negatively affects the success of the company and its market share. Undertaking the current study, and using the same methodology in other regions, especially developing countries, will add to the current literature on pharmaceutical marketing. Unlike most previous research, the methodology proposed in this paper includes demographic factors that influence the effectiveness of these promotional tools.

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Towards a balanced approach to identifying conflicts of interest faced by institutional review boards

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Dangers of neglecting non-financial conflicts of interest in health and medicine

Dangers of neglecting non-financial conflicts of interest in health and medicine

Ethical Considerations (Conflict of Interest, Surgical Innovation, and End of Life)

Promotion of Prescription Drugs and Its Impact on Physician's Choice Behavior

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