“…First, AXL is a form of case method instruction, which is widely hailed as an effective approach for developing critical thinking, problem solving, and interpersonal skills (e.g., Crittenden, Crittenden, & Hawes, 1999;Hassall, Lewis, & Broadbent, 1998;Jennings, 1996;Kreber, 2001;Richardson, 1994;Stewart & Dougherty, 1993). AXL instruction includes realistic, multifaceted cases and focuses on helping leaders learn "how to think" rather than "what to think," thereby preparing leaders to deal with complexity when they encounter it in their work environment (Hannafin, J. Hill, & Land, 1997;Jonassen, 2002;Lesgold, 2001).…”