“…14(b), where v q i is a 1 or a higher level abstract node of v p i (i.e. p < q), the distance between the two nodes v p i and v q i , Dðv p i ; v q i Þ is defined as Table 3 Comparison between MKAH and Other Approaches Characteristic Approach Logic model (Braga et al, 2000;De Sean & Furtado, 1998;Gaasterland, 1997;Godfrey, 1997) Semantic distance (Cuzzocrea & Matrangolo, 2004;Ichikawa & Hirakawa, 1986;Motro, 1990;Palpanas & Koudas, 2001) Abstraction hierarchy (Chu et al, 1996;Huh & Lee, 2001;Wang et al, 2004) MKAH What to represent as semantic knowledge …”