Towards a Cybernetic Model of Human Movement

Hemami, H.; Tarr, Eric; Li, Boren; Krishnamurthy, Ashok; Clymer, Bradley D.; Dariush, Behzad

doi:10.5539/mer.v6n1p29

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…Biomechanical models of hands have been used for different applications such as in the design of prosthetic hands, studying disabilities, rehabilitation and functional assessment, and for ergonomic product design (Valero-Cuevas et al 2000;van Nierop et al 2008;Armstrong et al 2009;Fok & Chou 2010;Wu et al 2010;Sancho-Bru et al 2011;Endo et al 2014;Park et al 2014;Peña-Pitarch et al 2014;Harih & Tada 2015;Hemami et al 2016). They simulate segments, joints and other tissues (muscles, tendons, ligaments or even skin) and use ranges of mobility at each joint that cover the full range of angles for each joint, regardless of the posture of other joints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interdependency of the maximum range of flexion–extension of hand metacarpophalangeal joints

Gracia-Ibáñez

Sancho-Bru

2016

Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering

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Mobility of the fingers metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints depends on the posture of the adjacent ones. Current Biomechanical hand models consider fixed ranges of movement at joints, regardless of the posture, thus allowing for non-realistic postures, generating wrong results in reach studies and forward dynamic analyses. This study provides data for more realistic hand models. The maximum voluntary extension (MVE) and flexion (MVF) of different combinations of MCP joints were measured covering their range of motion. Dependency of the MVF and MVE on the posture of the adjacent MCP joints was confirmed and mathematical models obtained through regression analyses (RMSE 7.7°).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interdependency of the maximum range of flexion–extension of hand metacarpophalangeal joints

Gracia-Ibáñez

Sancho-Bru

2016

Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering

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“…Point-to-point movements can be slow or fast. Slow movements, where the trajectory of motion is defined by linear segments between the initial and final positions, have been considered before [115]. Relatively fast movements are discussed in [1] [116].…”

Section: Ballistic Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural and Spinal Modules in Implementation of a Simple Ballistic Movement

Hemami¹,

Dariush²

2016

JSEA

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A simple ballistic movement and two of its attributes (namely, reversal in time and synchronization with external events) are formulated. A three-dimensional, three-link musculoskeletal arm is subjected to a fast ballistic type movement. The central components of the movement from hippocampal, cerebellar, basal ganglia and reticular formation structures that may be involved in timing are identified. The role of agonist muscles and spinal reflexes in the execution of ballistic movements (namely, in fast starts and fast stops) is discussed. The needed three time intervals are constructed in real time and can be coordinated with external events. Delaying or advancing in time, synchronization, time scaling and inverting events in time relative to the movement is formulated. Digital computer simulations are presented to test the behavior of the formulated neural and spinal processing and demonstrate the behavior of the arm under such control.

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“…However, the power of penetration in the tissues increases, promoting the visualization of deep structures. As we increase the frequency of ultrasound, the sharpness of surface structures also increases, disfavours the deeper structures (Hemami et al, 2016).…”

Section: Context and Theoretical Foundationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brachial Plexus Blocker Prototype

Monteiro

2017

Journal of Information Systems Engineering & Management

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Although the area of surgical simulation has been the subject of study in recent years, it is still necessary to develop artificial experimental models with a perspective to dismiss the use of biological models. Since this makes the simulators more real, transferring the environment of the health professional to a physical or virtual reality, an anesthetic prototype has been developed, where the motor response is replicated when the brachial plexus is subjected to a proximal nervous stimulus. Using action-research techniques, with this simulator it was possible to validate that the human nerve response can be replicated, which will aid the training of health professionals, reducing possible risks in a surgical environment.Keywords: anesthesia, simulation, brachial plexus blockade, Arduino, 3D print CONTEXT AND THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONRegional anesthesia has always required deep anatomical knowledge, especially of surface anatomy, so it is possible to infer the location of deep structures based on palpable points of reference, such as bony prominences and muscular borders. Anesthetic techniques for peripheral nerve blocking have evolved from the most conventional ones, such as the search for paresthesia and the loss of resistance, to the more modern ones, such as nerve stimulation and ultrasonography. Today, the search for paresthesia is questioned by most anesthesiologists, since the mechanical stimulation of the needle in the nerve can be harmful and uncomfortable for the patient.In electrical nerve stimulation, a current of 0.5 mA., provoking an appropriate motor response, is considered acceptable, suggesting that the needle is sufficiently close to the nerve. Studies show that the motor response to the electrical stimulus in the nerve has low sensibility to the neural localization, and it can be inferred that the neurostimulator needle can come into contact with the nerve to be blocked without resulting in motor stimulus, decreasing the safety of the anesthetic procedure. In this case, the ultrasound image allows the exact visualization of the needle as it approaches the nerve, avoiding such undesirable contact.Today, the new trend is to perform the blockade of peripheral nerve guided by ultrasound, visualizing in real time the insertion of the needle, its relation with the adjacent structures the tissue plan of deposition of the local anesthetic and its subsequent dispersion.The maintenance of a distance, in which only the local anesthetic will come into direct contact with the nerve, transforms the trauma through the needle and the intraneural injection in avoidable lesions reveals a less aggressive conduct, prevents uncomfortable sensations to the patient and adds more safety to the anesthetic procedure (Backus et al., 2016).Anesthesiology deals with situations that require immediate responses because of critical situations and it is therefore important to develop improvement techniques. Ultrasound has been increasingly used in peripheral blockade. Ultrasound-guided techniques are based on direct vis...

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Towards a Cybernetic Model of Human Movement

Cited by 5 publications

References 67 publications

Interdependency of the maximum range of flexion–extension of hand metacarpophalangeal joints

Interdependency of the maximum range of flexion–extension of hand metacarpophalangeal joints

Neural and Spinal Modules in Implementation of a Simple Ballistic Movement

Brachial Plexus Blocker Prototype

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