Towards a fiber-coupled picowatt cryogenic radiometer

Tomlin, Nathan A.; Lehman, John H.; Nam, Sae Woo

doi:10.1364/ol.37.002346

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…6(b)]. 166 The absorber is a superconducting TES, and it, the electrical heater, and the thermometer are on a micromachined membrane of <1 mm square. Initial measurements at 1550 nm with input powers from 50 fW to 20 nW (∼4.10 6 to 5.10 8 photons s −1 ) show a response inequivalence between electrical and optical power of 8%.…”

Section: Polarization State Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metrology of single-photon sources and detectors: a review

et al. 2014

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The generation, measurement, and manipulation of light at the single-and few-photon levels underpin a rapidly expanding range of applications. These range from applications moving into the few-photon regime in order to achieve improved sensitivity and/or energy efficiency, as well as new applications that operate solely in this regime, such as quantum key distribution and physical quantum random number generation. There is intensive research to develop new quantum optical technologies, for example, quantum sensing, simulation, and computing. These applications rely on the performance of the single-photon sources and detectors they employ; this review article gives an overview of the methods, both conventional and recently developed, that are available for measuring the performance of these devices, with traceability to the SI system. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Section: Polarization State Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metrology of single-photon sources and detectors: a review

et al. 2014

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“…Highly sensitive photodetectors, with the ability to detect individual photons or the number of photons in a pulse, has applications in many fields, including quantum computing, communications, astronomy, and metrology. (see e.g., [5][6][7] and references therein). Recently, there has been an effort to develop optical sensors based on superconducting materials.…”

Section: A Superconducting Photon Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Devices, Packaging, and Materials for Cryogenic Optoelectronics

Bardalen¹,

Akram²,

Malmbekk³

et al. 2015

Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging

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In this article, developments and techniques related to optical-fiber-coupled devices operating at cryogenic temperatures are reviewed. These devices include superconducting electronics and photodetectors. Superconducting circuits have a number of suitable characteristics in terms of speed and efficiency, lower power consumption, and traceability to fundamental quantum properties. Thus, applications are found in a number of technologies, such as communication and metrology. Often, the devices are coupled by an optical fiber link to an external source. A suitable design of the optical coupling at cryogenic temperatures entails considerations of electromagnetic behavior, geometry, components, material choices, and customized packaging schemes. Minimizing thermomechanical stresses and deformation is a challenge due to the extreme temperature span, from room temperature to below 10 K. Due to the thermomechanical properties at low temperatures, with high contraction and brittleness of some materials, careful design and testing is dictated for the method of mechanical attachment and alignment techniques to avoid failure. Solutions for the efficient, robust optical coupling remain a challenge for some of these devices.

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“…Motivated by the need for ultra-low-power cryogenic radiometers (CR) for metrological and radiometric purposes, [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] as well as the possibility of operating a cryogenic radiometer near fundamental noise limits, 1 we have designed, constructed, and measured a CR device that may serve as the basis for a next-generation ACR at NIST. The CR device consists of a receiver cavity with an electrical heater and resistive thermometer, a temperature-controlled heat sink with a calibrated resistive thermometer, and a weak thermal link between the receiver and the heat sink.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental measurements and noise analysis of a cryogenic radiometer

Carr

Woods

Jung

et al. 2014

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A cryogenic radiometer device, intended for use as part of an electrical-substitution radiometer, was measured at low temperature. The device consists of a receiver cavity mechanically and thermally connected to a temperature-controlled stage through a thin-walled polyimide tube which serves as a weak thermal link. With the temperature difference between the receiver and the stage measured in millikelvin and the electrical power measured in picowatts, the measured responsivity was 4700 K/mW and the measured thermal time constant was 14 s at a stage temperature of 1.885 K. Noise analysis in terms of Noise Equivalent Power (NEP) was used to quantify the various fundamental and technical noise contributions, including phonon noise and Johnson-Nyquist noise. The noise analysis clarifies the path toward a cryogenic radiometer with a noise floor limited by fundamental phonon noise, where the magnitude of the phonon NEP is 6.5 fW/√Hz for the measured experimental parameters.

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Towards a fiber-coupled picowatt cryogenic radiometer

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Metrology of single-photon sources and detectors: a review

Metrology of single-photon sources and detectors: a review

Review of Devices, Packaging, and Materials for Cryogenic Optoelectronics

Experimental measurements and noise analysis of a cryogenic radiometer

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