Towards a One Percent Measurement of Frame Dragging by Spin with Satellite Laser Ranging to LAGEOS, LAGEOS 2 and LARES and GRACE Gravity Models

Ciufolini, Ignazio; Paolozzi, Antonio; Pavlis, E. C.; Ries, John; Koenig, Rolf; Matzner, Richard A.; Sindoni, Giampiero; Neumayer, H.

doi:10.1007/s11214-009-9585-7

Cited by 70 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Its proponent aims to reach a 1% accuracy [94] by combining its data with those of the other two existing satellites of the Lageos family. For a debate about the feasibility of such an ambitious goal, see [16,28,[94][95][96][97][98][99]. However, some years will be needed to obtain the first results.…”

Section: Earlier Proposals For Measuring the Lense-thirring Effect Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ciufolini himself [101][102][103] used it in the earlier tests including the perigee of Lageos-2; see Section 3.1. Nonetheless, he [16] now changed his mind by criticizing the choice of Iorio [138] with arguments which can be judged incorrect. Indeed, Ciufolini et al [16] asserted that one should not compare models with different intrinsic accuracies.…”

Section: It Would Roughly Correspond To ≈ 2 − 3 MM In Determining Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the ongoing LARES mission [13][14][15][16][17], previously known also as Lageos-3 and LARES/WEBER-SAT and finally launched in early 2012 aiming to measure them at 1% level [16], will not be considered here. Here, just some key facts about it are mentioned 2 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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History of the attempts to measure orbital frame-dragging with artificial satellites

Renzetti¹

2013

Open Physics

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Section: Earlier Proposals For Measuring the Lense-thirring Effect Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: It Would Roughly Correspond To ≈ 2 − 3 MM In Determining Thementioning

confidence: 99%

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History of the attempts to measure orbital frame-dragging with artificial satellites

Renzetti¹

2013

Open Physics

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“…A special combination of the two data series' together with precise measurements by the satellites CHAMP and GRACE allowed subtraction of the 10 7 times greater node-motions due to the higher earth multipole moments, and, for the first time, confirmation of the Lense-Thirring effect with 10 % precision [24]. The recently launched satellite LARES presumably can improve this precision to 1 % [25]. (The original, ingenious proposal by Ciufolini [26] to launch the satellite LAGEOS II with orbital elements complementary to LAGEOS I, in this way cancelling the multipole contributions, unfortunately was never realized.)…”

Section: Comments On Successful and Newly Proposed Experiments To Meamentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial note to: Hans Thirring, On the formal analogy between the basic electromagnetic equations and Einstein’s gravity equations in first approximation

Pfister

2012

Gen Relativ Gravit

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Technical comments on the Thirring paperThe paper contains some inconsistencies and errors, and an undefined quantity, which, however, does not invalidate the final equations for gravitomagnetism.Since in a realistic rotating body (angular velocity ω) there arise centrifugal stresses of order ω 2 , it is inconsistent to incorporate the velocities v of the field-generating body up to second order but to treat this body as incoherent matter (dust). The same inconsistency appeared in Thirring's model of a rotating mass shell [1], which therefore did not correctly solve the Einstein equations (in the shell). For this case the inconsistency was observed and corrected by Lanczos [2]. In the present paper the inconsistency has no severe consequences because the second order terms in v anyhow are quite unimportant.An error in Thirring's paper appears in the integration volume dV 0 which has to be substituted by dV = dV 0 /(dx 4 /ds). The same error appeared in Thirring's paper [1] on the rotating mass shell, was there observed by M. Laue and W. Pauli, and corrected by Thirring in [3]. But, as with the inconsistency with the incoherent The republication of the original paper can be found in this issue following the editorial note and online via

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“…The basic idea of the LARES experiment is to accurately reconstruct the actual orbit from laser ranging data and to compare it with the theoretical one obtained using all the forces and perturbations acting on the satellite [35,36]. Very important in this comparison is the level of accuracy reached in the knowledge of the classical forces and perturbations [12,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. In 1998 a first version of the LARES mission was presented in response to a call issued by ASI in 1997.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LARES successfully launched in orbit: Satellite and mission description

Paolozzi

Ciufolini

2013

Acta Astronautica

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On February 13 th 2012, the LARES satellite of the Italian Space Agency (ASI) was launched into orbit with the qualification flight of the new VEGA launcher of the European Space Agency (ESA). The payload was released very accurately in the nominal orbit. The name LARES means LAser RElativity Satellite and summarises the objective of the mission and some characteristics of the satellite. It is, in fact, a mission designed to test Einstein's General Relativity Theory (specifically 'frame dragging' and Lense-Thirring effect). The satellite is passive and covered with optical retroreflectors that send back laser pulses to the emitting ground station. This allows accurate positioning of the satellite, which is important for measuring the very small deviations from Galilei-Newton's laws. In 2008, ASI selected the prime industrial contractor for the LARES system with a heavy involvement of the universities in all phases of the programme, from the design to the construction and testing of the satellite and separation system. The data exploitation phase started immediately after the launch under a new contract between ASI and those universities. Tracking of the satellite is provided by the International Laser Ranging Service. Due to its particular design, LARES is the orbiting object with the highest known mean density in the solar system. In this paper, it is shown that this peculiarity makes it the best proof particle ever manufactured. Design aspects, mission objectives and preliminary data analysis will be also presented.

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Towards a One Percent Measurement of Frame Dragging by Spin with Satellite Laser Ranging to LAGEOS, LAGEOS 2 and LARES and GRACE Gravity Models

Cited by 70 publications

References 59 publications

History of the attempts to measure orbital frame-dragging with artificial satellites

History of the attempts to measure orbital frame-dragging with artificial satellites

Editorial note to: Hans Thirring, On the formal analogy between the basic electromagnetic equations and Einstein’s gravity equations in first approximation

LARES successfully launched in orbit: Satellite and mission description

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