“…Social enterprises have an institutional comparative advantage in addressing problems with positive externalities (Santos, 2012) and are used to deal with achieving multiple goals, combining financial sustainability and social purposes (Doherty et al, 2014). Therefore, the circular economy has been identified as a promising pathway for the further development of social enterprises (Kay et al, 2016;OECD & European Commission, 2022;Sacranie & Çetin, 2022;Willeghems & Bachus, 2018b). For WISEs in particular, the circular economy creates opportunities, since it is expected to positively affect employment for vulnerable groups (ILO, 2022;Willeghems & Bachus, 2018a), including activities such as sorting, maintenance, repair, manual disassembly (Bachus et al, 2015), remanufacturing, refurbishment, and reuse operations (Delanoeije & Bachus, 2020;Parker et al, 2015;Versluys et al, 2021).…”