Towards elucidation of the lignin degradation pathway in actinomycetes

Godden, Bernard; Ball, Andrew S.; Helvenstein, P; McCarthy, Alan J.; Penninckx, Michel

doi:10.1099/00221287-138-11-2441

Cited by 93 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Many bacterial strains, especially actinomycetes, can solubilize and modify the lignin structure extensively, but their ability to mineralize lignin is limited (Buswell and Odier, 1987;Ball et al, 1989;Eriksson et al, 1990;Godden et al, 1992). Actinomycetes degrade lignin as their primary metabolic activity and at high nitrogen levels compared to whiterot fungi, most of which degrade lignin via their secondary metabolism.…”

Section: Lignin-degrading Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Actinomycetes are able to degrade some cellulose, and solubilize lignin, and they tolerate higher temperatures and pH than fungi. Thus, actinomycetes are important agents of lignocellulose degradation during peak heating, although their ability to degrade cellulose and lignin is not as high as that of fungi (Crawford, 1983;Godden et al, 1992). Under adverse conditions actinomycetes survive as spores (Cross, 1968).…”

Section: Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biodegradation of lignin in a compost environment: a review

Tuomela

Vikman

Hatakka

et al. 2000

Bioresource Technology

1,034

455

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Composting is nowadays a general treatment method for municipal solid waste. Compostable household waste contains, together with vegetable material, varying amounts of papers and boards. In the European Union composting is regarded as one recycling method for packages and this will probably favour compostable packages, like papers and boards, in the future. Paper is made up of lignocellulose and it may contain up to 20% of lignin. Ecient degradation of papers in composting plants means that biodegradation of lignin is also needed. However, very little is known about lignin degradation by mixed microbial compost populations, although lignin degradation by white-rot fungi has been extensively studied in recent years. Organic material is converted to carbon dioxide, humus, and heat by compost microorganisms. It is assumed that humus is formed mainly from lignin. Thus, lignin is not totally mineralized during composting. The elevated temperatures found during the thermophilic phase are essential for rapid degradation of lignocellulose. Complex organic compounds like lignin are mainly degraded by thermophilic microfungi and actinomycetes. The optimum temperature for thermophilic fungi is 40±50°C which is also the optimum temperature for lignin degradation in compost. Ó

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Section: Lignin-degrading Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of lignin in a compost environment: a review

Tuomela

Vikman

Hatakka

et al. 2000

Bioresource Technology

1,034

455

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“…The activity is due to multiple, immunologically related peroxidase isoforms in Streptomyces viridosporzls and Streptomyces badizts (Adhi e t al. , 1989; Magnuson e t a/., 1991), and zymogram analysis suggests that this multiplicity may be true of actinomycetes in general (Godden et al, 1992). In S. viridosporzts, the major peroxidase isoform has been designated as a lignin-oxidizing enzyme, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermostable extracellular peroxidases from Streptomyces thermoviolaceus

et al. 1994

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Streptomyces thermoviolsceus is a thermophil ic actinomycete that was found t o produce relatively large amounts of extracellular peroxidase activity when grown on xylan as primary carbon source. The activity was due to multiple isoforms of peroxidase, of which two, designated P-3 and P-5, were predominant. The two proteins were purified to homogeneity by a combination of ultraf iltration, ammonium sulphate precipitation, anionexchange chromatography, gel filtration and preparative gel electrophoresis. The peroxidases were found to be haemoproteins that catalysed the oxidation of a range of substrates in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Both are monomeric acidic proteins (P-3: 82 kDa, pl5-0; P-5: 60 kDa, pl4.75) but with some differences in substrate specificity, P-3 exhibiting the broader substrate range. Peroxidase activity was optimal at pH values close to neutrality, and both enzymes were robust, exhibiting activity at elevated temperatures in the presence of denaturing agents such as SDS or 8 M urea. Peroxidase P-3 was stable at 50 "C for more than 24 h and had a half-life of 70 min at 70 OC. Polyclonal antibodies prepared against each isoform cross-reacted, indicating that the proteins were antigenically related. No cross-reactions were detected against horseradish peroxidase or crude peroxidase preparations from two other thermophilic streptomycetes.I

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“…Actinomycetes, which belong to Gram-positive bacteria, are able to colonize solid surfaces due to their mycelial structure. Many bacterial strains, especially actinomycetes, have been shown to depolymerise lignin (Ball et al, 1989;Berrocal et al, 1997), but their ability to mineralize lignin is limited compared to fungi (Buswell and Odier, 1987;Ball et al, 1989;Godden et al, 1992). Gram-negative bacteria are generally considered to grow fast on easily degradable organic matter (Burke et al, 2003;Leckie et al, 2004) whereas Gram-positive bacteria are more related to soil derived carbon (Fierer et al, 2003;Kramer and Gleixner, 2008), which can contain ancient organic matter (Rethemeyer et al, 2005;Kramer and Gleixner, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable effects of labile carbon on the carbon use of different microbial groups in black slate degradation

Seifert¹,

Trumbore²,

Xu³

et al. 2011

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Weathering of ancient organic matter contributes significantly to biogeochemical carbon cycles over geological times. The principle role of microorganisms in this process is well recognized. However, information is lacking on the contribution of individual groups of microorganisms and on the effect of labile carbon sources to the degradation process. Therefore, we investigated the contribution of fungi, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in the degradation process using a column experiment. Investigations were performed on low metamorphic black slates. All columns contained freshly crushed, sieved (0.63-2 mm), not autoclaved black slates. Two columns were inoculated with the lignite-degrading fungus Schizophyllum commune and received a culture medium containing 13 C labeled glucose, two columns received only this culture medium and two control columns received only water.The total mass balance was calculated from all carbon added to the slate and the CO 2 and DOC losses. Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) were extracted to investigate microbial communities. We used both the compound specific 14 C and 13 C signal of the PLFA to quantify carbon uptake from black slates and the glucose of the culture medium, respectively.The total carbon loss in these columns exceeded the amount of added carbon by approximately 60%, indicating that black slate carbon has been used. PLFA associated with Gram-positive bacteria dominated the indigenous community and took up 22% of carbon from black slate carbon, whereas PLFA of Gram-negative bacteria used only 8% of carbon from the slates. PLFA of Gram-negative bacteria and fungi were both mostly activated by the glucose addition. The added Schizophyllum did not establish well in the columns and was overgrown by the indigenous microbial community. Our results suggest that especially Gram-positive bacteria are able to live on and degrade black slate material. They also benefit from easy degradable carbon from the nutrient broth. In natural environments priming due to root exudates might consequently enhance weathering.

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Towards elucidation of the lignin degradation pathway in actinomycetes

Cited by 93 publications

References 39 publications

Biodegradation of lignin in a compost environment: a review

Biodegradation of lignin in a compost environment: a review

Thermostable extracellular peroxidases from Streptomyces thermoviolaceus

Variable effects of labile carbon on the carbon use of different microbial groups in black slate degradation

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