Towards ending preventable child deaths

Chan, Margaret; Lake, Anthony

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60908-8

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Stronger CBPHC programs that foster community engagement/empowerment and implement evidence–based interventions will be essential for achieving universal coverage of health services by 2030 (as called for by the Sustainable Development Goals recently adopted by the United Nations) [48]), ending preventable child and maternal deaths by 2030 (as called for by the World Health Organization, UNICEF and many other countries) [17], and eventually achieving Health for All as initially envisioned in 1978 at the International Conference on Primary Health Care convened by WHO and UNICEF [14]. Stronger CBPHC programs will create entry points and synergies for expanding the coverage of family planning services [49] and for accelerating progress in the detection and treatment of HIV/AIDS [50], tuberculosis [51] malaria [52], and hypertension and other chronic diseases [53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2015 the United Nations has adopted the Sustainable Development Goals, calling for a world “free of poverty, hunger, disease and want, where all lives can thrive” by the year 2030, with universal access to “ quality essential health–care services” [16]. The World Health Organization and UNICEF have called for ending preventable child and maternal deaths in a generation [17,18]. However, even though recently released plans for achieving this goal do emphasize the importance of community engagement/empowerment, the critical and fundamental contribution of CBPHC to achieving this goal is muted [19,20].…”

Section: Why the Review Is Important Nowmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive review of the evidence regarding the effectiveness of community–based primary health care in improving maternal, neonatal and child health: 8. summary and recommendations of the Expert Panel

Black¹,

Taylor²,

Arole³

et al. 2017

Journal of Global Health

135

119

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BackgroundThe contributions that community–based primary health care (CBPHC) and engaging with communities as valued partners can make to the improvement of maternal, neonatal and child health (MNCH) is not widely appreciated. This unfortunate reality is one of the reasons why so few priority countries failed to achieve the health–related Millennium Development Goals by 2015. This article provides a summary of a series of articles about the effectiveness of CBPHC in improving MNCH and offers recommendations from an Expert Panel for strengthening CBPHC that were formulated in 2008 and have been updated on the basis of more recent evidence.MethodsAn Expert Panel convened to guide the review of the effectiveness of community–based primary health care (CBPHC). The Expert Panel met in 2008 in New York City with senior UNICEF staff. In 2016, following the completion of the review, the Panel considered the review’s findings and made recommendations. The review consisted of an analysis of 661 unique reports, including 583 peer–reviewed journal articles, 12 books/monographs, 4 book chapters, and 72 reports from the gray literature. The analysis consisted of 700 assessments since 39 were analyzed twice (once for an assessment of improvements in neonatal and/or child health and once for an assessment in maternal health).ResultsThe Expert Panel recommends that CBPHC should be a priority for strengthening health systems, accelerating progress in achieving universal health coverage, and ending preventable child and maternal deaths. The Panel also recommends that expenditures for CBPHC be monitored against expenditures for primary health care facilities and hospitals and reflect the importance of CBPHC for averting mortality. Governments, government health programs, and NGOs should develop health systems that respect and value communities as full partners and work collaboratively with them in building and strengthening CBPHC programs – through engagement with planning, implementation (including the full use of community–level workers), and evaluation. CBPHC programs need to reach every community and household in order to achieve universal coverage of key evidence–based interventions that can be implemented in the community outside of health facilities and assure that those most in need are reached.ConclusionsStronger CBPHC programs that foster community engagement/empowerment with the implementation of evidence–based interventions will be essential for achieving universal coverage of health services by 2030 (as called for by the Sustainable Development Goals recently adopted by the United Nations), ending preventable child and maternal deaths by 2030 (as called for by the World Health Organization, UNICEF, and many countries around the world), and eventually achieving Health for All as envisioned at the International Conference on Primary Health Care in 1978. Stronger CBPHC programs can also create entry points and synergies for expanding the coverage of family planning services as well as for accelerating progress in the detec...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Why the Review Is Important Nowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive review of the evidence regarding the effectiveness of community–based primary health care in improving maternal, neonatal and child health: 8. summary and recommendations of the Expert Panel

Black¹,

Taylor²,

Arole³

et al. 2017

Journal of Global Health

135

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Neonatal infection in particular remains a common tragedy, with 7 million cases and 700,000 deaths per year, currently accounting for 40% of mortality in those under 5 years of age (Bhutta and Black, 2013;Blencowe et al, 2013;Darmstadt et al, 2014;Ghazal et al, 2013;Hostetter, 2012;Lawn et al 2014Lawn et al , 2014Liu et al, 2012;Murray et al, 2012;Seale et al, 2014). Although neonatal morbidity and mortality due to infection also represents a significant hurdle in resource-rich countries, newborns in resource-poor areas are most severely affected (Agarwal, 2016;Bhutta and Black, 2013;Chan and Lake, 2012;Sepú lveda and Murray, 2014). Given the magnitude of this problem, even modestly effective interventions would save millions of lives and billions of dollars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protecting the Newborn and Young Infant from Infectious Diseases: Lessons from Immune Ontogeny

et al. 2017

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Infections in the first year of life are common and often severe. The newborn host demonstrates both quantitative and qualitative differences to the adult in nearly all aspects of immunity, which at least partially explain the increased susceptibility to infection. Here we discuss how differences in susceptibility to infection result not out of a state of immaturity, but rather reflect adaptation to the particular demands placed on the immune system in early life. We review the mechanisms underlying host defense in the very young, and discuss how specific developmental demands increase the risk of particular infectious diseases. In this context, we discuss how this plasticity, i.e. the capacity to adapt to demands encountered in early life, also provides the potential to leverage protection of the young against infection and disease through a number of interventions.

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“…The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization (WHO), together with more than 40 countries around the world, are now calling for a renewed commitment to child survival to eliminate preventable child deaths by the year 2035 1-2 . This will require more than doubling the global annual rate of decline in the under-5 mortality rate, from 2.5% in the previous decade to 5.3% 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing child global undernutrition at scale in Sofala Province, Mozambique, using Care Group Volunteers to communicate health messages to mothers

Davis¹,

Wetzel²,

Avilan

et al. 2013

Glob Health Sci Pract

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Towards ending preventable child deaths

Cited by 24 publications

References 3 publications

Comprehensive review of the evidence regarding the effectiveness of community–based primary health care in improving maternal, neonatal and child health: 8. summary and recommendations of the Expert Panel

Comprehensive review of the evidence regarding the effectiveness of community–based primary health care in improving maternal, neonatal and child health: 8. summary and recommendations of the Expert Panel

Protecting the Newborn and Young Infant from Infectious Diseases: Lessons from Immune Ontogeny

Reducing child global undernutrition at scale in Sofala Province, Mozambique, using Care Group Volunteers to communicate health messages to mothers

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