Towards hybrid one-pot/one-electrode Pd-NPs-based nanoreactors for modular biocatalysis

In situ modulation of enzyme activity via heterogeneous catalysis utilizing solid electroplated cofactors

“…In other words, the reduction of FAD does not occur in the absence of a target protein. The reaction sequence for oxidases occurring on the electrode in the range of 0.2 V – 0.4 V can be summarized as follows [30] (shown for GOx(FAD) and glucose): …”

One-step electrodeposited hybrid nanofilms in amperometric biosensor development

“…98 However, for more complex ED solutions containing both biocomponents (cofactors, enzymes or, DNA) and precursors of polymers, the effects of synthesis parameters as well as the electrolyte content on the structure of hybrid layers have scarcely been systematized. 23 Extending the thesis of the previous section related to the effects of the size, nature and concentration of a biocomponent on sensitivity of the electrochemical responses of amperometric biosensors, the biocomponent type and molecular weight notably inuence the structure of the hybrid sensing layer. Therefore, under the same ED parameters and precursors of inorganic components, simple exclusion or replacement of one high molecular weight compound in the ED mixture, e.g., the enzyme, can convert a 'capsule-like' structure to an 'adsorptionlike' layer.…”

“…To solve these problems, one-step (OS) ED using multiple electrolyte solutions has been proposed. 21,23 This approach enables all functional compounds of the future sensing layer to be deposited in one step.…”

“…Therefore, phosphate buffer-based multiple electrolytes capable of creating a favourable environment for enzymes are preferred. 23,31 The activity of enzymes aer ED depends on the presence of a sufficient number of water molecules in the formed hybrid layer to maintain the optimal acidity and the bioreceptor packing density. 44 In selection of the conditions of ED of biomolecules, their charge in the solution, migration in the electric eld and possible conformational changes aer attachment to the electrode must be considered.…”

“…Although the inuence of the loaded dose of biocomponents on the sensitivity of LbL biosensors 48,66 has been investigated, the effects of molar ratios and concentrations of biocomponents on the structure and performance of OS designed ED biosensors has largely been neglected. 23,47,97 Simultaneously, compromises must be struck in the design of functional structures to enable retention of polymer binding compounds, preventing of the elution of enzymes and simultaneous assurance of the biochemical activity of the ED bioreceptor/enzyme in the presence of the target bioanalyte.…”