Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is a notorious and lethal gas widely generated in human economic activities and natural occurrences. The growing demand for pollution control makes it vital for the development of efficient processes to remove and convert H 2 S into high-valued products. As such, diversified technologies have been extensively explored, including H 2 S splitting, selective oxidation of H 2 S, and simultaneous conversion of H 2 S and CO 2 . In this review, the state-of-the-art processes for H 2 S conversion and utilization are reviewed. The potentials of various value-added products from H 2 S utilization, such as H 2 , syngas, COS, CH 3 SH, and other sulfur-containing fine chemicals are elucidated in detail. Notably, the traditional and emerging materials for H 2 S removal, mainly including metal oxide catalysts and carbon-based materials are also overviewed in this review. In addition, the catalytic mechanisms for these desulfurization reactions are also briefly discussed. Lastly, perspectives are given on the viability and technological gaps for each technology and corresponding catalysts.