Towards Industrialisation in Tanzania: Drivers and Barriers to Green Manufacturing

Abstract

For the industrialization efforts to be fruitful and sustainable, they should be coupled with Green Manufacturing (GM) which simply implies clean manufacturing. This study analyses the drivers and barriers to GM in Tanzania. It specifically analyses the drivers and barriers to GM and ranks them for prioritisation. The study made the use of cross-sectional primary data which were collected using interviewer administered questionnaires from a random sample of 185 manufacturing firms in two purposively selected regions of Dodoma and Mwanza in Tanzania. In the analysis, the Binary Logistic regression was used to estimate the drivers and barriers to GM using the STATA software. The results showed that some of the significant drivers to green manufacturing include; firm size, firms resources, current legislation, incentives, and public pressure, The significant barriers included high short term costs, low customer demand, technological risk, lack of awareness and unclear benefits. It was also found that the highest ranked driver to GM was the firm size and the highest ranked barrier to GM was the short term costs. The study finally recommends that the relevant authorities should prioritize on the significant drivers and barriers to GM so that the move towards industrialisation in Tanzania can be more fruitful and sustainable.

Constraints to manufacturing companies in implementation of green manufacturing in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

“…Additionally, the method recognizes how to earn and maximize enterprise benefits, namely social and economic benefits (Agarwal et al, 2020). Green manufacturing enables industries to reduce their use of natural resources, control environmental contamination, and thus lending itself to being environmentally friendly (Tumaini, 2021). Also, it leads to decrease in product wastes through the efficient use of energy and raw materials, increasing productivity and raising product quality while contributing to the reduction of some environmental accident risks.…”

“…According to the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME) in 1996 the concept of "green manufacturing," specifically as it relates to manufacturing enterprises, emerged in modern society (Budi et al, 2020;Shamsuddin et al, 2017). This was followed by the steady adoption of green manufacturing and government pressure to deal with sustainable supply chains led manufacturing companies to participate in inspiring green manufacturing (Tumaini, 2021). For instance, governments all over the world, including those in regions of Europe, Asia, the United States, and South America, are under pressure to create more rules, fines, tax breaks, or other duties to properly manage sustainable supply chains, among which green manufacturing is one (Deif, 2011).…”

“…Unfortunately, despite the priority manufacturing firms have attached to implementing green production and manufacturing, their efforts have failed to bear fruits in the food processing and manufacturing sector in Tanzania items (Tumaini, 2021;Makima, 2019), with the main challenge being how to maintain green products and manage the disposal of finished items, observe laws, and implement environmental management practices (Bhattacharjee, 2017;Shamsuddin et al, 2017;Wallerius et al, 2010).…”

“…Other initiatives have also been undertaken during the industrialization period. These began with the establishment and implementation of the Sustainable Industrial Development Policy (SIDP) to transform industrial sectors in order to harness human development, job creation, promote and transform economic growth, as well as achieve sustainable environment (Tumaini, 2021). Additionally, the Tanzanian government has outlawed the use of plastic bags and enacted complete bans on all issues that contribute to environmental pollution.…”

“…Despite the high priority given to green manufacturing and the efforts and initiatives taken by the government and other stakeholders to support this aspect, green manufacturing for food products is not impressive in manufacturing companies. This means that green manufacturing efforts are present but are still being implemented less frequently among producing companies in Tanzania, which contributes to the flow of sufficient amounts of high-dumped waste materials from manufacturing (Mkami, 2019;Tumaini, 2021). On the other hand, manufacturers are now aware that they continue to contribute to environmental degradation because they don't use green manufacturing techniques (Mwirigi, 2007).…”