“…Substrates of different nature and morphology are evidenced as suitable for the growth of VACNT due to easy-to-analyze or easy-to-industrialize properties. Various substrates have been used for the growth of VACNT, such as silicon wafers [9,24,31,34,35], quartz [36], aluminium foil [13,37,38], piezoelectric aluminium nitride film [39], stainless steel [40], titanium wire [41], magnesia and magnesium aluminate [42], as well as carbon fiber cloth [36,[43][44][45] or paper [46,47], graphite [5,48], graphene paper [49] or oxide [50], reticulated carbon foam [51], and many others [21,52]. Among all, commercial fibrous carbon 3D substrates (CF tow, cloth, felt, paper, or other woven or non-woven fabrics) are advantageous since they possess exceptionally high mechanical strength and well-defined anisotropic thermal and electrical properties [53].…”