Towards open science in Argentina: From experiences to public policies

Abstract

The emergence and wide diffusion of information and communication technologies created ever increasing opportunities for sharing and collaboration, which shortened geographic, disciplinary and expertise distances. There exist various technologies, tools and infrastructure that facilitate collaborative production processes in various social spheres, and scientific production is not an exception. Open science produces scientific knowledge in a collaborative way, including experts and non-experts and to share the outcomes of knowledge creation processes. We identify 68 open science initiatives in Argentina using different primary and secondary sources. This paper describes those experiences in terms of goals, disciplines and openness along research stages. Building on the relationship between characteristics of openness and expected benefits, we discuss policy implications in order to better support openness and collaboration in science.

Opening Science and Innovation: Opportunities for Emerging Economies

“…Group business disseminates information to improve their research activities. [Gura, 2013], Open Access and Open Data [Bernius, 2010;Sa, Grieco, 2016;Piedra, Suárez, 2018;Arza et al, 2017;Cardoso et al, 2009]. The election of the tool depends on the business goals, resources and the time of innovation.…”

“…Ecosystems are structured in an open innovation model and combine their ability to generate technologies with external partnerships. Innovation ecosystem theory is broader than the concept of systems of innovation, as it goes beyond the regional economy context [ Roman et al, 2018;Schlagwein et al, 2017;Dillaerts, 2017;Arza et al, 2017;Friesike et al, 2015;Simeth, Raffo, 2013;Touati, Denis, 2013;Cardoso et al, 2009] Central role of the Business Model in R&D management ). There is a focus on the added value.…”

“…In fact, it is suggested that VRE "foster the transfer of research data from university to industry and its exploitation to generate new data sets, information and knowledge" [Roman et al, 2018]. Apart from that IT solutions expand the scope and openness of academic research [Abbate et al, 2019;Arza et al, 2017]. Up to now, scientific public goods were limited to textual publication; however, nowadays, open data and open infrastructure are also part of these goods.…”

“…Finally, innovative activities in enterprises should be monitored as a way to evaluate performance. On the other hand, inside academia, the way research performance is evaluated should also consider further parameters due to the fact that research outputs embrace not only articles but also data or infrastructure [Arza et al, 2017].…”

“…This paper proposes the following Framework (Figure 2), so that innovation can be achieved by the connection between OS and OI. Open science is connected to policy makers because scientific knowledge contributes to the development of economic policy [Sa, Grieco, 2016;Arza et al, 2017;Freitas, Dacorso, 2014]. Open innovation encourages the relationship between business, research institutes and the government, and it creates an organizational structure to connect business, university and policy makers.…”