Towards personalized prostate cancer screening

Filella, Xavier

doi:10.1515/almed-2019-0027

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In addition, the possible positive outcomes of screening are no greater than the adverse outcomes of excessive detection and unnecessary treatment [13]. Diagnosis of PCa based only on PSA levels is therefore gradually losing its appeal as a clinical approach [14]; however, this has not put an end to the controversy surrounding screening [15,16]. A recent study suggested that although discontinuation of PSA-based screening would eliminate excessive diagnoses, the lack of screening would lead to a complete failure to avoid preventable deaths and would increase the PCa-related mortality rate by 13-20% [17].…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer Using Blood-Based Biomarkers

Jin

Fei

Wang

et al. 2020

Mediators of Inflammation

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Prostate cancer (PCa) is second only to lung cancer as a cause of death. Clinical assessment of patients and treatment efficiency therefore depend on the disease being diagnosed as early as possible. However, due to issues regarding the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for screening purposes, PCa management is among the most contentious of healthcare matters. PSA screening is problematic primarily because of diagnosis difficulties and the high rate of false-positive biopsies. Novel PCa biomarkers, such as the Prostate Health Index (PHI) and the 4Kscore, have been proposed in recent times to improve PSA prediction accuracy and have shown higher performance by preventing redundant biopsies. The 4Kscore also shows high precision in determining the risk of developing high-grade PCa, whereas elevated PHI levels suggest that the tumor is aggressive. Some evidence also supports the effectiveness of miRNAs as biomarkers for distinguishing PCa from benign prostatic hyperplasia and for assessing the aggressiveness of the disease. A number of miRNAs that possibly act as tumor inhibitors or oncogenes are impaired in PCa. These new biomarkers are comprehensively reviewed in the present study in terms of their potential use in diagnosing and treating PCa.

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Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer Using Blood-Based Biomarkers

Jin

Fei

Wang

et al. 2020

Mediators of Inflammation

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“…However, circumstantial evidence confirmed that, in both women and men, other tissues and organs express PSA (Dash, 2015 ; Eklund et al., 2017 ; Musrap & Diamandis, 2016 ; Pérez‐Ibave et al., 2018 ). Now, it is widely accepted that PSA is not prostate‐specific (Mashkoor et al., 2013 ); hence, its screening utility has been questioned (Filella, 2020 ; Gandaglia et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate‐specific antigen: An unfamiliar protein in the human salivary glands

Isola,

Maxia,

Murtas

et al. 2023

Journal of Anatomy

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ObjectivesThe presence of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) in saliva and salivary glands has been reported. Nevertheless, its release pathway in these glands remains to be elucidated. Here, we showed PSA subcellular distribution focusing on its plausible route in human salivary parenchyma.Materials and MethodsSections of parotid and submandibular glands were subjected to the immunohistochemical demonstration of PSA by the streptavidin–biotin method revealed by alkaline phosphatase. Moreover, ultrathin sections were collected on nickel grids and processed for immunocytochemical analysis, to visualize the intracellular distribution pattern of PSA through the observation by transmission electron microscopy.ResultsBy immunohistochemistry, in both parotid and submandibular glands PSA expression was detected in serous secretory acini and striated ducts. By immunocytochemistry, immunoreactivity was retrieved in the cytoplasmic compartment of acinar and ductal cells, often associated with small cytoplasmic vesicles. PSA labeling appeared also on rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the acini's lumen. A negligible PSA labeling appeared in most of the secretory granules of both glands.ConclusionsOur findings clearly support that human parotid and submandibular glands are involved in PSA secretion. Moreover, based on the immunoreactivity pattern, its release in oral cavity would probably occur by minor regulated secretory or constitutive‐like secretory pathways.

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“…These epidemiological parameters regarding PC have undergone significant changes, especially after the introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and prostate tissue biopsy in current medical practice. The use of PSA testing in the general population, concurring with easier access to improved medical services and increased life expectancy could explain the ascending trend of the overall incidence accompanied by a minimal decrease of the mortality rate, but also, could be responsible for overdiagnosis and overtreatment of 22% up to 67% of the newly indolent PC cases [ 3 , 4 ]. Facing this controversial screening procedure, numerous efforts have been directed in identifying novel, more precise methods of detection and improvement of patient selection in PC screening.…”

Section: ⧉ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HOXB13 and TFF3 can contribute to the prognostic stratification of prostate adenocarcinoma

Timofte

Giuşcă²,

Lozneanu³

et al. 2021

Rom J Morphol Embryol

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Homeobox B13 (HOXB13) and trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) are novel candidates for the classification of prostate cancer (PC) in molecular subtypes that could predict the clinical evolution of patients. The aim of our study was to analyze the possible associations between HOXB13 and TFF3 immunohistochemical (IHC) expression in sporadic prostate adenocarcinoma (PAC), the potential prognostic value in relation to the classical clinico-pathological parameters, as well as their role in defining distinct molecular subtypes of this malignancy. The study group comprised 105 patients diagnosed with PAC who underwent radical prostatectomy. IHC exam was performed using anti-HOXB13 and anti-TFF3 antibodies and a scoring system that permit the separation of the cases into two subgroups, with low and high immunoexpression, respectively. The statistical analysis evaluated the relationship between the two immunomarkers and clinico-pathological parameters. The Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank Mantel-Cox test were used for assessing the prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-progression free survival. Four subgroups of PAC were defined based on the IHC overexpression and low immunoexpression of HOXB13 and TFF3. High HOXB13 and TFF3 immunoexpression was commonly identified in cases characterized by a Gleason score over 7, a G4 or G5 dominant pattern, a grade group of 3 or 4 and a preoperatory PSA serum level over 20 ng/mL. HOXB13 overexpression was also associated with pathological tumor-node-metastasis (pTNM) stage. The subgroup with both low HOXB13 and TFF3 immunoexpression had the highest PSA-progression free interval, whereas the subgroup with high HOXB13 immunoexpression and low TFF3 immunoexpression presented the lowest rate, but no statistically significant differences were registered. Our results sustain the role of HOXB13 and TFF3 in the stratification of PAC. Further investigations in larger cohorts are imposed to validate the clinical significance of these subgroups in the diagnostic and prognostic of PAC.

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Towards personalized prostate cancer screening

Cited by 3 publications

References 41 publications

Detection and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer Using Blood-Based Biomarkers

Detection and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer Using Blood-Based Biomarkers

Prostate‐specific antigen: An unfamiliar protein in the human salivary glands

HOXB13 and TFF3 can contribute to the prognostic stratification of prostate adenocarcinoma

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