Towards superior nickel oxide electrochromic films using Si and Li co-doping and rapid thermal annealing

Toward Durably Flexible Nickel Oxide Electrochromic Film by Covering an 18 nm Zinc Tin Oxide Buffer Layer

“…According to this picture, the Ni 2+ and Ni 3+ peak positions are located at the binding energy of 855.7 and 856.9 eV, respectively. , The ratio of Ni 3+ /(Ni 3+ + Ni 2+ ) can be obtained as 47% by calculating the deconvolution peak area ratio. This higher Ni 3+ ratio is consistent with our previous work on glass substrates . It has been revealed that the higher ratio of Ni 3+ can conduct a stronger EC property …”

“…Among these five layers, nickel oxide and tungsten oxide are the most popular anodic and cathodic EC materials. For nickel oxide, besides anodic coloring, it also plays a role in storing ions for the whole ECD. , …”

“…However, the conventional nickel oxide film for the ECD suffers from several inherent shortcomings in low coloring efficiency, small optical modulation amplitude, poor cycling durability, and yellow color in the bleached state, − which limit its commercialized application. To further improve the EC performance of nickel oxide film, a large number of works have been carried out. , It has been found that doping and codoping other elements, such as Li, Co, Ti, W, Cu, and Si, into the nickel oxide matrix can markedly improve the EC properties. ,− Recently, we conducted a synergistic process containing Si–Li codoping and followed 400 °C rapid thermal annealing (RTA) treatment to ensure nickel oxide film with superior EC properties in higher bleached transmittance (93.3% at 550 nm), larger optical modulation (37.0%), enhanced charge capacity (14.8 mC·cm –2 ), and improved electrochemical stability . This kind of nickel oxide material with Si–Li codoping was named as the SLNO, which was considered to have huge potential for future large area commercialized application in ECDs.…”

In situ grown hierarchical NiO nanosheet@nanowire arrays for high-performance electrochromic energy storage applications

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Simultaneously, the special electrochromic process can also lead to relevant pseudocapacitive behaviors which enable the material to possess a superior energy storage performance. [7][8][9][10][11][12] The green energy technology can improve building lighting, heating, and save energy consumption as a consequence. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Among the many electrochromic energy storage materials, NiO has become one of the most attractive candidates due to its promising modulation range, excellent electrochromic efficiency, high theoretical specific capacitance and low cost.…”

“…1–6 Simultaneously, the special electrochromic process can also lead to relevant pseudocapacitive behaviors which enable the material to possess a superior energy storage performance. 7–12 The green energy technology can improve building lighting and heating and thus can reduce energy consumption. 13–20…”