Towards the optimization of the thermal–hydraulic performance of gyrotron collectors

Numerical investigation of collector cooling for a 1 MW ITER gyrotron operated with vertical sweeping

“…In view of the high temperatures reached during the transient, it is also clear that alternative solutions (e.g., different geometries for the wetted surface of the collector [22]) have to be found for the exhaust of the spent electron heat flux during the gyrotron operation, if only the vertical sweeping is adopted. …”

Design of a 48 GHz Gyroklystron Amplifier

“…A realistic collector typically requires a cooling system to ensure safe operation. The cooling system consists of a pumping system to provide a flow of pressurized cold water to carry heat away from the collector walls [32]- [34]. Grooves are included to increase the surface area of the contact surface between the copper and the water.…”

Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Side Slot and Fin Heights in a Hypervapotron Channel on Heat Transfer

“…They performed a series of sensitivity analyses for turbulence models and grid sizes, and adapted the RPI wall boiling model, thus laying the foundation for CFD modeling techniques for accurate fluid flow and heat transfer analysis in the hypervapotron. Savoldi et al [16] investigated the effect of aspect ratio on heat transfer performance in hypervapotron fin-like square cavities. The authors compared steadystate and transient simulations and discovered that the maximum temperature was significantly underestimated in steady-state results, while transient state results slightly overestimated it.…”